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Neuroscience > ANS > Flashcards

ANS Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Autonomic NS control?

A

the function of structures with smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands

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2
Q

Does the ANS operate with or w/out conscious control?

A

without conscious control

-but can be modulated by conscious drive

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3
Q

What are the 3 branches of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Enteric NS

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4
Q

Somatic vs ANS:

Major brain structure receiving afferent info

A

Somatic: Thalamus
ANS: Hypothalamus

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5
Q

Somatic vs ANS:

Major source of descending pathways

A

Somatic: Cerebral cortex
ANS: Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Efferent link between CNS and viscera innervated by ANS involves ____ neurons

A

two

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7
Q

Synapses of ANS contain _______ instead of chemical synapses to allow for steady/widespread contractions of visceral tissue

A

electrical synapses (gap junctions)

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8
Q

Preganglionic vs Postganglionic ANS fibers myelination

A

Pre: lightly myelinated
Post: NO myelin

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9
Q

Where do Sympathetic fibers originate from? Where are their postganglionic cell bodies positioned?

A

“Thoracolumbar division” originate T1-L3

Postganglionic cell bodies (in ganglia) typically positioned close to SC

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10
Q

Where do Parasympathetic fibers originate from? Where are their postganglionic cell bodies positioned?

A

Brainstem originates
-CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2-S4 originates “Craniosacral division”
Postganglionic cell bodies (in ganglia) positioned close to target effector

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11
Q

Preganglionic fibers: neuron takes the info from the _____ to ganglion
Postganglionic fibers: neuron that takes info from the ganglion to the ______

A

spinal cord

visceral organ

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12
Q

Sympathetic NS NTs

A

Acetylcholine
-released at terminals of preganglionic gibers
Norepinephrine
-released at terminals of postganglionic fibers

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13
Q

Parasympathetic NS NTs

A

Acetylcholine

-released at terminals of preganglionic AND postganglionic fibers

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14
Q

SNS has increased activity during times of _______ or ________ stress. 4 E’s?

A

physical or emotional stress

-exercise, emergency, excitement, and embarrassment

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of the SNS?

A

“Fight or Flight”

  • pupil dilation
  • inhibition of salivation/lacrimation
  • stimulation of sweat glands
  • vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin and gut
  • Piloerection (hair standing up)
  • Bronchodilation
  • Increase in HR and CO
  • Reduction in neural output to digestive tract
  • Stimulation of hormone release
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16
Q

Preganglionic neurons of SNS extend from…

A

T1-L2/3 in lateral horn of spinal gray matter

  • upper to mid thorax: head and thorax
  • lower thorax and lumbar: ab organs, pelvic organs, and LE targets
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17
Q
  1. SNS Preganglionic neuron exits SC and travels to the sympathetic trunk via white communicating rami and synapse _______ with postganglionic neurons at the same ______ level
A
  • immediately

- SC

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18
Q
  1. SNS Preganglionic neuron exits SC and travels to sympathetic trunk via white communicating rami and either ______ or _____ to synapse in more ______ or ______ ganglia
A
  • ascend or descend

- cranial or caudal

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19
Q
  1. SNS Preganglionic neuron exits SC and continues through trunk without synapsing, and later synapse with postganglionic neurons in ________
A

prevertebral ganglia

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20
Q

The SNS preganglionic neurons can take ____ different routes after exiting SC via ventral rami

A

3

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21
Q

The SNS preganglionic neurons have ______ target tissues. What does this allow for?

A

multiple

-allows for SNS to mass activate targets in response to stress!

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22
Q

SNS postganglionic neurons have various targets throughout the body. What are they?

A
  • to blood vessels and skin via gray communicating rami
  • to viscera via prevertebral ganglia (heart, lungs, gut, kidneys, liver, bladder, reproductive organs)
  • to LEs (sweat secretion, vasoconstriction, pilerection)
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23
Q

Parasympathetic NS functions to increase activity during…

A

“rest and digest” periods to conserve energy use and build energy stores

24
Q

What are the direct characteristics of the PNS?

A
  • pupillary constriction
  • activation of salivary and lacrimal glands
  • slowing of HR
  • bronchoconstriction
  • vasodilation of vessels to intestines, rectum, bladder, and reproductive organs
25
Where are the Preganglionic neurons of PNS found? Where do they travel?
In the brainstem and sacral SC | -travel to parasympathetic ganglia located close to target muscles and glands
26
Brainstem preganglionic nuclei
- Edinger-Westphal Nuclei - Superior and Inferior Salivary Nuclei - Nucleus Ambiguous - Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus Nerve
27
Sacral preganglionic nuclei
lateral horns of S2-S4
28
The PNS does not have any trunk or chain of ganglia, just _______ ganglia
clustered
29
PNS pre gang starts in Edinger-Westphal Nuclei and the post gang -->
Ciliary muscles for pupillary constriction
30
PNS pre gang starts in Superior and Inferior Salivary Nuclei and the post gang -->
Salivary and lacrimal glands
31
PNS pre gang starts in Nucleus Ambiguous and the post gang -->
Cardiac muscles for slowing HR
32
PNS pre gang starts in Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus Nerve and the post gang -->
thorax and abdomen for glandular secretion cardiac muscle for slowing of HR Lungs for bronchoconstriction Gut for increased motility and digestion
33
PNS pre gang starts in Lateral Horns of S2-S4 and the post gang -->
Colon for vasodilation Rectum for vasodilation Bladder for muscle contraction Reproductive organs for penile and clitoral vasodilation
34
Most Autonomic structures are dual innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic NS EXCEPT
``` sweat glands erector pili muscles most blood vessels adrenal medulla these are sympathetic only ```
35
Sympathetic responses are longer lasting than parasympathetic responses due to:
- Divergence of preganglionic neurons - Longer unmyelinated postganglionic neurons - Slower inactivation of norepinephrine in the synapse - Presence of norepinephrine and epinephrine from adrenal medulla in blood
36
Accelerated parasympathetic responses can be activated during _________
paradoxical fear | -past the point of terror where you just go numb
37
ANS functions controlled by..
- Hypothalamus - Brainstem nuclei - Amygdala and other limbic structures - Medial prefrontal cortex - Insular Cortex
38
ANS functions regulated by..
- Baroreceptors - Chemoreceptors - Osmoreceptors - Thermoreceptors
39
Afferent input gets feedback input via ________ nucleus for local autonomic ______. This modulates what?
- solitary - reflexes - Modulates visceral motor activity
40
Afferent input informs higher integrative centers of more complex patterns of stimulation that may signal ______ and/or may require more ______ control
- danger | - multi-system control
41
Central Autonomic Network accounts for integration of ______ input with input from other sensory modalities and from ________
- visceral | - higher cognitive centers
42
Insular cortex is the primary ...
visceral sensory area
43
Medial prefrontal cortex is a primary...
visceral motor area Example activity: -Blushing in response to embarrassing experiences -Vasoconstriction and pallor in response to fear -Autonomic responses to sexual situations
44
Hypothalamus (big modulator) projects to...
reticular formation, parasympathetic preganglionic nerves in BS and sympathetic & parasympathetic preganglionic neurons on SC
45
Hypothalamus (big modulator) controls...
blood flow, regulates energy metabolism, regulates reproductive activity, and coordinates responses to threatening conditions
46
What 4 things help modulate autonomic function?
Insular cortex Medial Prefrontal cortex Hypothalamus Hippocampal formation, amygdala
47
Why is the Hippocampal formation, amygdala a modulator for autonomic function?
because emotion and memory can trigger the ANS
48
Enteric System is the _______, most _______ system within the autonomic nervous system
largest | complex
49
Enteric system exerts control of _____ system through neuronal system embedded in the lining of _____
GI | GI organs
50
Enteric system utilizes more than _____ NT's
30 (nicknamed "second brain")
51
Enteric system is modulated by the ____ and ____ NS
SNS and PNS
52
____ of serotonin and ___ of dopamine in body are found in the gut
90% | 50%
53
Peristalsis
moving food down chain with contraction and relaxations
54
Segmentation
contraction occurs all over the place to further mix, breaking down into chyme for absorption (washing machine)
55
Hormones secreted by enteric NS
gastrin and secretin
56
Sympathetic fibers have _____ preganglionic, ______ postgangionic axons
short preganglionic, long postgangionic axons
57
Parasympathetic fibers have _____ preganglionic, _____ postganglionic
long preganglionic, short postganglionic

Neuroscience (3 decks)

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