Anotomical Movements

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

1. Flexion - Decreasing the angle between two bones at a joint.
   
   • Example: Bending the elbow to bring the hand closer to the shoulder.
   • Counter: Extension

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

Extension - Increasing the angle between two bones at a joint.
- Example: Straightening the elbow or knee from a bent position.
- Counter: Flexion

Question 3

Hyperextension

Answer 3

Hyperextension - Extending a joint beyond its normal range of motion.
- Example: Bending the back backwards past the upright position.
- Counter: Not directly applicable

Question 4

Dorsiflexion

Answer 4

Dorsiflexion - Decreasing the angle between the foot and the shin.
- Example: Lifting the toes towards the shin while keeping the heel on the ground.
- Counter: Plantar Flexion

Question 5

Plantarflexion

Answer 5

Plantarflexion - Increasing the angle between the foot and the shin, pointing the toes away.
- Example: Standing on the tiptoes.
- Counter: Dorsiflexion

Question 6

Abduction

Answer 6

Abduction - Moving a limb away from the midline of the body.
- Example: Raising the arm or leg to the side away from the body.
- Counter: Adduction

Question 7

Adduction

Answer 7

Adduction - Moving a limb towards the midline of the body.
- Example: Lowering the arm to the side or bringing the legs together.
- Counter: Abduction

Question 8

Internal (Medial) Rotation

Answer 8

Internal (Medial) Rotation - Rotating a limb towards the center of the body.
- Example: Rotating the shoulder or hip inward towards the midline.
- Counter: External (Lateral) Rotation

Question 9

External (Lateral) Rotation

Answer 9

External (Lateral) Rotation - Rotating a limb away from the center of the body.
- Example: Rotating the shoulder or hip outward away from the midline.
- Counter: Internal (Medial) Rotation

Question 10

Circumduction

Answer 10

Circumduction - A circular movement that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
- Example: Moving the arm in a circle at the shoulder or the leg at the hip.
- Counter: Not directly applicable

Question 11

Pronation (forearm)

Answer 11

Pronation (forearm) - Rotating the forearm so the palm faces downwards.
- Example: Turning the forearm so the palm faces down or backwards.
- Counter: Supination

Question 12

Supination (forearm)

Answer 12

Supination (forearm) - Rotating the forearm so the palm faces upwards.
- Example: Turning the forearm so the palm faces up or forwards.
- Counter: Pronation

Question 13

Eversion

Answer 13

Eversion - Moving the sole of the foot outward, away from the midline of the body.
- Example: Standing with the weight on the inner edge of the feet.
- Counter: Inversion

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

Inversion - Moving the sole of the foot inward, towards the midline of the body.
- Example: Standing with the weight on the outer edge of the feet.
- Counter: Eversion

Question 15

Protraction

Answer 15

Protraction - Moving a body part forward in the horizontal plane.
- Example: Moving the shoulders forward (shoulder protraction).
- Counter: Retraction

Question 16

Retraction

Answer 16

Retraction - Pulling a body part backward in the horizontal plane.
- Example: Pulling the shoulders back (shoulder retraction).
- Counter: Protraction

Question 17

Elevation

Answer 17

Elevation - Raising a body part upwards.
- Example: Shrugging the shoulders upwards.
- Counter: Depression

Question 18

Depression

Answer 18

Depression - Lowering a body part downwards.
- Example: Lowering the shoulders from a shrugged position.
- Counter: Elevation

Question 19

Anterior Tilt (pelvis)

Answer 19

Anterior Tilt (pelvis) - Tilting the top of the pelvis forwards, increasing the lumbar curve.
- Example: Increasing the curve of the lower back by tilting the pelvis forward.
- Counter: Posterior Tilt

Question 20

Posterior Tilt (pelvis)

Answer 20

Posterior Tilt (pelvis) - Tilting the top of the pelvis backwards, decreasing the lumbar curve.
- Example: Flattening the lower back by tilting the pelvis backward.
- Counter: Anterior Tilt

Question 21

Lateral Flexion (side bending)

Answer 21

Lateral Flexion (side bending) - Bending the spine to the side.
- Example: Bending the body to the side at the waist.
- Counter: Lateral Flexion to the opposite side

Question 22

Horizontal Abduction (transverse abduction)

Answer 22

Horizontal Abduction (transverse abduction) - Moving the arms away from the midline in a horizontal plane.
- Example: Moving the arms out to the sides while extended forward (like opening a cape).
- Counter: Horizontal Adduction (transverse adduction)

Question 23

Horizontal Adduction (transverse adduction)

Answer 23

Horizontal Adduction (transverse adduction) - Moving the arms towards the midline in a horizontal plane.
- Example:

Bringing the arms together in front of the body (like giving a hug).
- Counter: Horizontal Abduction (transverse abduction)

Question 24

Antiflexion

Answer 24

Antiflexion - Actively resisting flexion or moving in the opposite direction of flexion, typically in a stabilizing manner.
- Example: Engaging the core to maintain a straight posture against a forward pulling force.
- Counter: Flexion

Question 25

Antiversion

Answer 25

Antiversion - Moving a part of the body forward beyond its natural alignment in the frontal plane. - Example: Tilting the pelvis forward beyond neutral alignment. - Counter: Retroversion

Question 26

Retroversion

Answer 26

Retroversion - Moving a part of the body backward beyond its natural alignment in the frontal plane. - Example: Tilting the pelvis backward beyond neutral alignment. - Counter: Antiversion

Question 27

Ulnar Deviation (ulnar flexion)

Answer 27

Ulnar Deviation (ulnar flexion) - Moving the wrist towards the ulnar side (towards the little finger). - Example: Tilting the wrist towards the little finger side. - Counter: Radial Deviation (radial flexion)

Question 28

Radial Deviation (radial flexion)

Answer 28

Radial Deviation (radial flexion) - Moving the wrist towards the radial side (towards the thumb). - Example: Tilting the wrist towards the thumb side. - Counter: Ulnar Deviation (ulnar flexion)

Question 29

Anteflexion

Answer 29

Similar to flexion but specifically in front of the body. Example: Lifting your arms straight up in front of you to shoulder height. Counter: Retroflexion

Question 30

Retroflexion

Answer 30

Movement of a limb posteriorly behind the coronal plane. Example: Similar to extension but specifically behind the body. Example: Moving your straight leg backward while standing, without bending at the knee, as in a reverse leg lift. Counter: Anteflexion

Question 31

Anteversion

Answer 31

The forward rotation of an organ or part. Example: Tilting your pelvis forward as if trying to point your tailbone down toward the ground, which increases the arch in your lower back (anterior pelvic tilt). Counter: Retroversion

Question 32

Retroversion

Answer 32

The backward rotation of an organ or part. Example:Tilting your pelvis backward, flattening your lower back as if trying to eliminate the space between your back and the floor when lying down (posterior pelvic tilt). Counter: Anteversion

Question 33

Anterolateral

Answer 33

Referring to a position or movement that is both forward and to the side. Example: Stepping diagonally forward, such as when performing a diagonal lunge, moving your foot to a position that is both ahead and to the side of your body. No direct counter, conceptual opposite: Posteromedial

Question 34

Posteromedial

Answer 34

Referring to a position or movement that is both backward and towards the midline. Example: Pulling your leg back and across the body while lying on your side, similar to a reverse and cross motion in a lying hip abduction exercise. No direct counter, conceptual opposite: Anterolateral