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Paeds > Anomalies pt 1 > Flashcards

Anomalies pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypodontia?

A

developmental absence of primary or permanent teeth

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2
Q

what is oligo and anodontia?

A

oligodontia = >=6 teeth missing (doesn’t include 8s)
anodontia = complete absence of teeth

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3
Q

at what stage of tooth development does hypodontia arise from?

A

initiation

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4
Q

what single gene defect causes hypodontia?

A

MSX1

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5
Q

what 5 conditions is hypodontia a symptom of?

A

ectodermal dysplasia
downs (trisomy 21)
cleft lip/palate
solitary maxillary central incisor syndrome

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6
Q

what environmental conditions can cause hypodontia?

A

severe illness or cancer in early childhood

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7
Q

what gender is hypodontia more prevalent in?

A

females

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8
Q

after the 8s, what other teeth more likely affected by hypodontia?

A

mandibular 2nd premolars
maxillary lat incisors
maxillary 2nd premolars
mandibular central incisors

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9
Q

what other anomaly is hypodontia often associated w/?

A

microdontia

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10
Q

what radiograph is first choice for diagnosing hypodontia? if the tooth is ectopic?

A

PA - but DPT if tooth ectopic

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11
Q

ectodermal dysplasia - how is hair, skin, mouth, eyes and nose affected?
how do teeth appear? (3)

A

group of diseases affecting ectoderm
sparse hair, dry skin, cannot sweat
xerostomia, dry eyes, nasal congestion
conical teeth, micro and hypodontia

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12
Q

what stage of tooth development do supernumaries arise from?

A

initiation

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13
Q

where are mesiodens and paramolar supernumaries positioned?

A

mesiodens = between centrals
para molar = buccal or palatal to molars or between molars

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14
Q

explain appearance of conical, tuberculate and supplemental supernumaries - how likely will they impede eruption?

A

conical = most common, cone shape, unlikely to impede eruption, likely erupts
tuberculate = barrel shaped, do not ususally erupt so likely to impede eruption
supplemental = normal anatomy, unlikely to impede eruption, likely erupts

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15
Q

odontome supernumaries - likely to erupt/impede eruption? explain difference between compound and complex.

A

will not erupt, likely to impede eruption

compound = bag of teeth (denticles)
complex = disorganised collection of tooth tissue

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16
Q

what radiographs are used to diagnose supernumaries?

A

parallax & CBCT

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17
Q

what 3 conditions are supernumaries a symptom of?
what gender is most likely affected?

A

cleidocranial dysostoses
cleft lip/palate
gardener syndrome

male>female

18
Q

cleidocranial dysostoses - what group of conditions? what are absent? what tooth anomaly? what clinical sign?

A

rare AD condition
hypoplastic or absent clavicles - pt has short stature
supernumary teeth
delayed/failed exfoliation of teeth

19
Q

what stage of development does microdotnia & macrodontia develop?

A

morphogenesis stage

20
Q

what anomaly is micordontia associated w/? what 2 conditions is this seen in?

A

hypodontia
ectodermal dysplasia
cleft lip/palate

21
Q

what is most common tooth to be affected by microdontia? how do roots of these present?

A

maxillary lateral incisors - peg laterals
short narrow root & lack of resoprtion

22
Q

what two features make macrodontia teeth larger than average? what other anomaly is it associated w/?

A

double tooth or have talons cusp
associated w/ supernumaries

23
Q

double teeth - explain difference between fusion and gemination

A

fusion - tooth germs join tog, 2 roots on radiograph
gemination - one tooth completely divided, 1 root on radiograph

24
Q

what is dens invaginatus? what stage of tooth development does it occur?

A

enamel has folded within itself creating an enamel lined cavity
“tooth within a tooth”
morphogenesis

25
Q

what teeth most commonly affected by dens invaginatus? what is a noticeable feature on these teeth?

A
  1. maxillary lateral incisors
  2. maxillary centrals
    pronounced cingulum pit
26
Q

what may the first indication of dens invaginatus be?

A

random loss of vitality in absence of trauma/caries

27
Q

how do you manage dens invaginatus?

A

fissure seal cingulum pits
RCT when loss of vitality
XLA or referral if RCT too complex

28
Q

Dens exvaginatus - known as, what stage of root development, what teeth most common

A

“talons cusp”
morphogenesis
maxillary incisors

28
Q

how does dens exvaginatus present on premolars? what may happen to tooth in long term?

A

central talons cusp
worn down area of cusp may expose dentine and lead to loss of vitality

29
Q

how does dens exvaginatus present on incisors?

A

palatal cusp

30
Q

how do you manage dens exvaginatus?

A

OHI & fissure seal
gradual reduction/grinding of cusp to encourage reactionary dentine formation - prevents pulpal exposure
OR remove cusp, pulp cap & pulpotomy/RCT

31
Q

what is dilaceration? what usually & rarely causes it? what teeth are most commonly affected?

A

bend in root or crown
usually acquired defect - due to trauma to primary tooth affecting permanent
rarely caused by pathology
maxillary centrals most commonly affected

32
Q

give 3 clinical signs of crown dilaceration - what radiographs to investigate? (2)

A

failed eruption
altered path of eruption
ectopic position

lat cephalogram, CBCT

33
Q

taurodont appearence - pulp chamber, bifurcation, roots, crown

A

elongated pulp chamber in a multi rooted tooth
low bifurcation
short roots
normal looking crown

34
Q

what classification classes taurodonts? give 4 classifications

A

shaw classification

normal>hypotaurodont>mesotaurodont>hypertaurodont

35
Q

what stage of root development does taurodontism occur?

A

morphogenesis

36
Q

what 3 conditions is taurodontism associated w/?

A

amelogenesis imperfecta
trisomy 21 (down’s)
Klinefelter

37
Q

how do short roots present clinically?

A

mobile
no response to sensibility test if cause due to loss of vitality
may have microdontia and enamel defects where cause childhood illness

38
Q

what genetic condition causes short roots?

A

dentine dysplasia

39
Q

list environmental reasons short roots may occur

A

loss of vitality prior to apexogenesis
illness (cancer) ot treatment during root formation
traumatised tooth, ortho treated, ectopic teeth, pathology

40
Q

how do you manage short roots in vital and non vital teeth?

A

non vital teeth - RCT w/ apexification
vital teeth - no intervention, plans made for eventual loss

Paeds (3 decks)

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