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BDS4 CDS Paeds > Anomalies (including Numerical, Enamel and Dentine Defects) > Flashcards

Anomalies (including Numerical, Enamel and Dentine Defects) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most commonly missing teeth ?

A

3rd molars
Lateral incisors
Lower premolars (5s).

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2
Q

What are most likely to be missing - permanent vs. primary teeth ?

A

Permanent.

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3
Q

What two teeth in the permanent dentition are least likely to be missing ?

A

First permanent molars.
Upper central incisors.

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4
Q

What are examples of conditions which cause a predisposition to hypodontia ?

A

Ectodermal dysplasia.
Down syndrome.
Cleft palate.
Hurler’s syndrome.

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5
Q

Is hyperdontia more common in males or females ?

A

Males

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6
Q

Is hyperdontia more common in maxilla or mandible ?

A

Maxilla

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7
Q

What medical condition causes predisposition to hyperdontia ?

A

Cleidocranial dysplasia.

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8
Q

What are the four types of supernumerary teeth ?

A

Conical.
Tuberculate.
Supplemental.
Odontome.

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9
Q

Define an odontome.

A

Irregular mass of dental hard tissue, compound or complex.

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10
Q

Name some examples of dental anomalies associated with size and shape of the teeth.

A

Microdontia.
Macrodontia.
Double teeth.
Odontomes.
Taurodontism.
Dilaceration of crown or root.
Accessory cusps.
Peg laterals.

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11
Q

What are three potential causes of short root anomaly ?

A

Radiotherapy.
Dentine dysplasia.
Accessory roots.
Asian populations.
Downs syndrome.

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12
Q

What tooth is most likely to be affected by short root anomaly ?

A

Permanent maxillary incisors.

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13
Q

Name three general enamel anomalies ?

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta.
MIH.
Environmental/localised enamel hypoplasia.

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14
Q

What are two causes of localised enamel hypoplasia ?

A

Trauma.
Infection of primary predecessor.

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15
Q

What are the four causes of environmental enamel hypoplasia ?

A

Systemic.
Nutrition.
Metabolic - Rhesus incompatibility, liver disease.
Childhood infection - measles.

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16
Q

What are the four main forms of amelogensis imperfect ?

A

Hypoplastic.
Hypocalcified.
Hypomaturational.
Mixed forms.

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17
Q

How might a hypomineralised tooth present ?

A

With white, yellow or brown lesions.
All tooth tissue present.

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18
Q

Define hypomineralisation.

A

Under mineralised tooth with normal tooth structure.
Secretory phase unaffected.
Mineralisation phase disrupted.

19
Q

Define hypoplastic.

A

Abnormal tooth structure with normal mineralisation.
Secretory phase disrupted.
Mineralisation is normal.

20
Q

What is examples of environmental generalised hard tissue defect ?

A

Fluorosis
MIH

21
Q

How can fluorosis be treated ?

A

Microabrasion.
Composite veneers.
Vital bleaching.

22
Q

What causes fluorosis ?

A

Over-exposure to fluoride.

23
Q

What might cause MIH ?

A

Childhood illness - liver or kidney failure.

24
Q

What are examples of pre-natal conditions which can lead to generalised environmental enamel defects ?

A

Rubella.
Congenital syphilis.
Cardiac and kidney disease of mother.

25
Q

What are examples of neo-natal conditions which can lead to generalised environmental enamel defects ?

A

Prematurity.
Meningitis.

26
Q

What are examples of post-natal conditions which can lead to generalised environmental enamel defects ?

A

Otitis media.
Measles.
Chickenpox.
TB.
Pneumonia.
Deficiency of Vit A, C and D.
Heart disease.

27
Q

What is the timeline of post-natal period ?

A

8 weeks to 2 years.

28
Q

What is the timeline of neo-natal period ?

A

0-8 weeks.

29
Q

What type of genetic condition is amelogenesis imperfeca ?

A

Familial inheritance.
Autosomal dominant, recessive and x-linked.

30
Q

Define hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta.

A

Enamel crystals do not grow to correct length.

31
Q

Define hypomineralised type of amelogenesis imperfecta.

A

Crystallites fail to grow in thickness and width.

32
Q

Define hypomaturational type of amelogenesis imperfecta.

A

Enamel crystal grow incompletely in thickness or width but to normal length with incomplete maturation.

33
Q

What are the main consequences of amelogenesis imperfecta ?

A

Sensitivity.
Caries/acid susceptibility.
Poor aesthetics.
Poor OH.
Delayed eruption.
Anterior OB malocclusion.

34
Q

What are some of the tx options for patients with amelogenesis imperfecta ?

A

Preventative therapy.
Composite veneers.
Fissure sealants.
Metal onlays.
SSC.
Orthodontics.

35
Q

Name examples of systemic disorders which are associated with enamel defects (not amelogenesis imperfecta).

A

Down syndrome.
Prader-Willi.
Porphyria.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

36
Q

What is MIH ?

A

Developmental condition related to disruption of enamel formation during third trimester and first year of life. Qualitative defect of enamel affecting FPMs and incisors.
Causes unsymmetrical half white/yellow/brown lesions on teeth.

37
Q

MIH - when is the enamel matrix of FPMs complete by ?

A

1 year old.

38
Q

MIH - when is the enamel matrix of permanent incisors complete by ?

A

2 years old.

39
Q

What are the characteristics of enamel formation and mineralisation of a tooth affected by MIH ?

A

Normal amount of enamel and tooth shape.
Reduced mineralisation.

40
Q

MIH - what phases of tooth development are affected ?

A

Secretory phase is unaffected.
Amelogenesis is affected i.e. abnormal mineralisation phase.

41
Q

What are the potential causes of MIH ?

A

Birth trauma.
Childhood illness in first year of life.
Mother illness in final trimester.
Medications taken in first year of life.
Socioeconomic status.
Prolonged breastfeeding.

42
Q

What are the dental consequences of MIH ?

A

Accelerated toothwear, caries formation.
Sensitivity.
Aesthetics.
Problems with dental material bonding.

43
Q

For FPMs affected by MIH, what are the treatment options ?

A

SS crown placement. - where severe lesions.
XLA at bifurcation calcification of SPMs - where severe lesions.
Composite restoration or GIC restoration - where mild/localised lesions.
Topical fluoride application - where mild.

44
Q

For permanent incisors affected by MIH, what are the treatment options ?

A

Acid pumice microabrasion - localised lesions.
Resin infiltration - localised lesions.
External bleaching.
Localised composite restorations.
Composite/porcelain veneers after 20 years old.

BDS4 CDS Paeds (4 decks)

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