Annotations

Question 1

αφικομενος δε εξενιζετο έν τοις Βασίλειος υπό του Κροίσου

Answer 1

After having arrived he was entertained as a guest by Croesus in the royal palace.

εξενιζετο - illustrates generosity
τοις βασιλειοις - plural -> suggests a palace complex

Question 2

μετά δε, ημέρα τριτη η τεταρτη, κελευσαντος Κροισου,

Answer 2

Afterwards, on the third or fourth day, when Croesus had given the order

ημέρα τριτη η τεταρη - exemplifies generosity
κελευσαντος Κροίσου - he’s in charge- genetics absolute is concise - symbolising authority, also portrays Croesus as superior

Question 3

τον Σόλωνα θεράποντες περιηγον κατα τους θησαυρούς

Answer 3

His attendants led Solon round throughout the treasure chamber

περιηγον - compound verb-> shows extensive wealth
κατά - emphatic -> emphasises enormity

Question 4

και επεδεικνυσαν πάντα όντα μεγάλα τε και ολβια

Answer 4

And pointed out all the great wealth that there was

πάντα
μεγάλα
τε και
ολβια

-> emphatic language, highlights opulence

Question 5

Τελλω τούτο μεν παίδες ήσαν καλοί τε καγαθοι

Answer 5

For one thing, Tellos had both fine and noble sons

τούτο μεν - emphatic conjunction
καλοί τε καγαθοι - emphatic phrase - what every Greek man wants. Also the repetition of the hard K represents sense of honour and respect

Question 6

απασιν

πάντα

Answer 6

All - emphatic

Question 7

τούτο δε τελευτη του βίου λαμπροτατη επεγενετο

Answer 7

And for another thing, the end of their lives were extremely glorious

τούτο δε - emphatic conjunction
λαμπροτατη - superlative

Question 8

απεθανε κάλλιστα

Answer 8

He died very nobly

κάλλιστα - superlative, the Greeks were obsessed with reputation , an honourable death was seen as a blessing

Question 9

και Αθναιοι δημόσια τε έθαψαν αυτόν ηπερ έπεσε, και ετίμησαν μεγαλως

Answer 9

Furthermore the Athenians both buried him at public expense at the place where he fell, and they honoured him greatly

τε και - emphatic conjunctions
μεγαλως - emphatic adverb

Question 10

και δη και

Answer 10

Moreover

VVV emphatic particle

Question 11

τελευτη του βίου άριστη

Answer 11

An excellent end to their lives ensued

Delayed by inversion of sentence to create surprise

Question 12

Κροίσος, κάρτα

Answer 12

Croesus, very much

Alliteration suggests disrespect and contempt

κάρτα is emphatic

Question 13

την τελευτην παντός χρήματος οραν εκελευε

Answer 13

Ordered him to look at the end of every matter

Repetition of t sounds suggests contempt

Question 14

νέμεσις

Answer 14

Thematic - fate and retribution

Question 15

ότι ενομισεν εαυτόν είναι ανθρώπων απάντων ολβιωτατον

Answer 15

Presumably because he considered himself to be the most fortunate of all men

Repetition of e sounds shows his arrogance
απάντων - aspirate increases emphasis
ολβιωτατον - superlative , emphasises hubris

Question 16

και αυτόν Κροισον εζωγρησαν, αρξαντα έτη τετταρεσκαιδεκα

Answer 16

and took Croesus himself prisoner, after reigning for fourteen years

(τε) και - emphatic language emphasises the utter reversal of fortune
αυτόν - personal pronoun -> personal fate
έτη τετταρεσκαιδεκα - juxtaposition highlights his previous prosperity - pathos?

Question 17

ο μεν δακρύων επεκαλειτο τον θεον

Answer 17

He, crying, called upon the god

μεν - sets up anticipation
δακρύων - emotional intensity

Question 18

εκ δε αίθριος τε και νηνεμίας συνεσραμεν εξαιφνης νέφη

Answer 18

and from the sky both clear and calm there suddenly rushed over a cloud

τε και -increases pace
συνεδραμεν - personification, compound verb for impact
νέφη - nominative delayed , increases tension

Question 19

και χειμων τε κατερραγη και υσεν υδατι λαβροτατω

Answer 19

And both the storm broke out and it rained with violent water

Guttural alliteration shows violence of the storm
τε και - sustains momentum
‘κατε’ repetition is dramatic
λαβροτατω - superlative increases drama and sudden impact

Question 20

μεταπεμπεται

Answer 20

He summons

Present tense gives sense of immediacy

Question 21

μεν

Answer 21

Sets up anticipation

Question 22

τοσουτω οσον

Answer 22

As much as possible

Question 23

και κολπον βαθυν καταλιπομτνος του χιτωνος, και

Answer 23

And leaving a deep fold in the tunic, and

Repetition of K sounds gives a clownish sense
και gives pace
κατά prefix gives imagery

Question 24

γελως

Answer 24

Laughter

Aural imagery