Annotations Flashcards
αφικομενος δε εξενιζετο έν τοις Βασίλειος υπό του Κροίσου
After having arrived he was entertained as a guest by Croesus in the royal palace.
εξενιζετο - illustrates generosity
τοις βασιλειοις - plural -> suggests a palace complex
μετά δε, ημέρα τριτη η τεταρτη, κελευσαντος Κροισου,
Afterwards, on the third or fourth day, when Croesus had given the order
ημέρα τριτη η τεταρη - exemplifies generosity
κελευσαντος Κροίσου - he’s in charge- genetics absolute is concise - symbolising authority, also portrays Croesus as superior
τον Σόλωνα θεράποντες περιηγον κατα τους θησαυρούς
His attendants led Solon round throughout the treasure chamber
περιηγον - compound verb-> shows extensive wealth
κατά - emphatic -> emphasises enormity
και επεδεικνυσαν πάντα όντα μεγάλα τε και ολβια
And pointed out all the great wealth that there was
πάντα
μεγάλα
τε και
ολβια
-> emphatic language, highlights opulence
Τελλω τούτο μεν παίδες ήσαν καλοί τε καγαθοι
For one thing, Tellos had both fine and noble sons
τούτο μεν - emphatic conjunction
καλοί τε καγαθοι - emphatic phrase - what every Greek man wants. Also the repetition of the hard K represents sense of honour and respect
απασιν
πάντα
All - emphatic
τούτο δε τελευτη του βίου λαμπροτατη επεγενετο
And for another thing, the end of their lives were extremely glorious
τούτο δε - emphatic conjunction
λαμπροτατη - superlative
απεθανε κάλλιστα
He died very nobly
κάλλιστα - superlative, the Greeks were obsessed with reputation , an honourable death was seen as a blessing
και Αθναιοι δημόσια τε έθαψαν αυτόν ηπερ έπεσε, και ετίμησαν μεγαλως
Furthermore the Athenians both buried him at public expense at the place where he fell, and they honoured him greatly
τε και - emphatic conjunctions
μεγαλως - emphatic adverb
και δη και
Moreover
VVV emphatic particle
τελευτη του βίου άριστη
An excellent end to their lives ensued
Delayed by inversion of sentence to create surprise
Κροίσος, κάρτα
Croesus, very much
Alliteration suggests disrespect and contempt
κάρτα is emphatic
την τελευτην παντός χρήματος οραν εκελευε
Ordered him to look at the end of every matter
Repetition of t sounds suggests contempt
νέμεσις
Thematic - fate and retribution
ότι ενομισεν εαυτόν είναι ανθρώπων απάντων ολβιωτατον
Presumably because he considered himself to be the most fortunate of all men
Repetition of e sounds shows his arrogance
απάντων - aspirate increases emphasis
ολβιωτατον - superlative , emphasises hubris
και αυτόν Κροισον εζωγρησαν, αρξαντα έτη τετταρεσκαιδεκα
and took Croesus himself prisoner, after reigning for fourteen years
(τε) και - emphatic language emphasises the utter reversal of fortune
αυτόν - personal pronoun -> personal fate
έτη τετταρεσκαιδεκα - juxtaposition highlights his previous prosperity - pathos?
ο μεν δακρύων επεκαλειτο τον θεον
He, crying, called upon the god
μεν - sets up anticipation
δακρύων - emotional intensity
εκ δε αίθριος τε και νηνεμίας συνεσραμεν εξαιφνης νέφη
and from the sky both clear and calm there suddenly rushed over a cloud
τε και -increases pace
συνεδραμεν - personification, compound verb for impact
νέφη - nominative delayed , increases tension
και χειμων τε κατερραγη και υσεν υδατι λαβροτατω
And both the storm broke out and it rained with violent water
Guttural alliteration shows violence of the storm
τε και - sustains momentum
‘κατε’ repetition is dramatic
λαβροτατω - superlative increases drama and sudden impact
μεταπεμπεται
He summons
Present tense gives sense of immediacy
μεν
Sets up anticipation
τοσουτω οσον
As much as possible
και κολπον βαθυν καταλιπομτνος του χιτωνος, και
And leaving a deep fold in the tunic, and
Repetition of K sounds gives a clownish sense
και gives pace
κατά prefix gives imagery
γελως
Laughter
Aural imagery
