Ankle/foot ROM and muscle length

Question 0

Dorsiflexion: Goniometer

Answer 0

SA: lateral midline of fibula, in line with fibular head
A: distal to, but in line with, lateral Malleolus at intersection of lines through lateral midline of fibula and lateral midline of fifth metatarsal
MA: lateral midline of fifth metatarsal

-supine with knee flexed at 30 degrees (pillow under knee)

Question 1

Plantarflexion Goniometer

Answer 1

SA: lateral midline of fibula, in line with fibular head
A: distal to but in line with lateral malleolus at intersection of lines through lateral midline of fibula and lateral midline of fifth metatarsal
MA: lateral midline of fifth metatarsal

-supine, knee flexed at 30 degrees (pillow under knee)

Question 2

Inversion: Goniometer

Answer 2

SA: anterior midline of tibia, in line with tibial crest
A: anterior aspect of talocrural joint, midway between medial and lateral malleoli
MA: anterior midline of second metatarsal

Supine of sitting, use small Goniometer

Question 3

Eversion: Goniometer

Answer 3

SA: anterior midline of tibia, in line with tibial crest
A: anterior aspect of talocrural joint, midway between medial and lateral malleoli
MA: anterior midline of second metatarsal

Supine or sitting, use small Goniometer

Question 4

Subtalar joint: inversion: Goniometer

Answer 4

SA: posterior midline of leg
A: over calcaneal tendon in line with malleoli
MA: posterior midline of calcaneus

Prone, foot hanging off edge of table

Question 5

Subtalar joint: eversion: Goniometer

Answer 5

SA: posterior midline of leg
A: over calcaneal tendon in line with malleoli
MA: posterior midline of calcaneal

Prone, ankle hanging off end of table

Question 6

First metatarsophalangeal joint flexion (plantar flexion): Goniometer

Answer 6

SA: medial midline of first metatarsal
A: medial aspect of first MTP joint
MA: medial midline of proximal phalanx of great toe

Foot on stool with toes hanging off end, use small Goniometer

Question 7

First metatarsophalangeal joint extension (dorsiflexion): Goniometer

Answer 7

SA: medial midline of first metatarsal
A: medial aspect of first MTP joint
MA: medial midline of proximal phalanx of great toe

Foot on stool with toes hanging off the end, use small Goniometer

Question 8

First metatarsophalangeal joint abduction: Goniometer

Answer 8

SA: dorsal midline of first metatarsal
A: dorsal midline of first MTP joint
MA: dorsal midline of proximal phalanx of great toe

Supine or seated with ankle in neutral, use small Goniometer

Question 9

First metatarsophalangeal joint adduction: Goniometer

Answer 9

SA: dorsal midline of first metatarsal
A: dorsal midline of first MTP joint
MA: dorsal midline of proximal phalanx of great toe

Supine or seated with ankle in neutral, small Goniometer

Question 10

Metatarsophalangeal or interphalangeal (PIP, DIP, IP) flexion: Goniometer

Answer 10

SA: dorsal midline of more proximal bone of joint to be measured
A: dorsal midline of joint to be measured
MA: dorsal midline of more distal bone of joint to be measured

Supine or seated, use half Goniometer

Question 11

Soleus muscle length: Goniometer

Answer 11

SA: head of fibula
A: lateral malleolus
MA: parallel to fifth metatarsal

Prone with knee bent

Question 12

Gastrocnemius muscle length: Goniometer

Answer 12

SA: head of fibula
A: lateral malleolus
MA: parallel to the fifth metatarsal

Prone with knee straight and foot hanging off end of table