Ankle/Foot

Question 1

Ankle/Foot Landmarks

Answer 1

Talus Calcaneus Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms (1-3) Tarsometatarsal joints Metatarsophalangeal joints Base of the 5th metatarsal Phalanges Medial Malleolus (tibia) Lateral Malleolus (Fibula) Fibular head Tibial tuberosity Anterior tibialis tendon Posterior tibialis tendon Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon Fibularis Longus and Brevis tendons Plantar fascia Medial Longitudinal Arch Lateral Longitudinal Arch Transverse Tarsal Arch Metatarsal Arch Interosseous membrane and ATL Posterior talofibular ligament Anterior Talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Deltoid Ligament Achilles Tendon

Question 2

Foot: Contents of Medial Longitudinal Arch

Answer 2

Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuneiforms 1-3 Metatarsals 1-3

Question 3

Foot: Contents of Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Answer 3

Calcaneus Talus Cuboid 4th and 5th metatarsal bones

Question 4

Contents of Transverse Tarsal Arch

Answer 4

Navicular Cuboid Cuneiforms 1-3 Proximal metatarsals

Question 5

Contents of Metatarsal Arch

Answer 5

Distal metatarsal heads

Question 6

High Ankle sprain involves the ____ and the _____, evaluate with what test?

Answer 6

Interosseous membrane Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Squeeze test

Question 7

The Ankle Drawer Sign evaluates what?

Answer 7

Anterior Talofibular Ligament

Question 8

The Talar Tilt test evaluates what?

Answer 8

Inversion: Calcaneofibular Ligament Eversion: Deltoid LIgament

Question 9

The Thomson Test for the ankle/foot evaluates what?

Answer 9

Achilles Tendon

Question 10

Dorsiflexion ROM

Answer 10

15-20 deg

Question 11

Plantarflexion ROM

Answer 11

55-60 deg

Question 12

Ankle inversion ROM

Answer 12

20 deg

Question 13

Ankle Eversion ROM

Answer 13

10-20 deg

Question 14

Subtalar inversion (lock out talus) ROM

Answer 14

5 deg

Question 15

Subtalar Eversion (lock out talus) ROM

Answer 15

5 deg

Question 16

Forefoot Adduction ROM

Answer 16

20 deg

Question 17

Forefoot Abduction ROM

Answer 17

10 deg

Question 18

1st Metatarsophalangeal Flexion ROM

Answer 18

45 deg

Question 19

1st Metatarsophalangeal Extension ROM

Answer 19

70-90 deg

Question 20

Evaluation of Inversion Calcaneus dysfxn

Answer 20

Physician grasps calcaneus in one hand and locks out motion of talus with other hand Eversion restriction

Question 21

Evaluation of Eversion Calcaneus dysfxn

Answer 21

Physician grasps calcaneus in one hand and locks out motion of talus with other hand Inversion restriction

Question 22

Anterior and posterior glide of the tibiotalar joint dysfxn

Answer 22

Restricted posterior glide with dorsiflexion Restricted anterior glide with plantarflexion

Question 23

Anterior tibia on talus dysfxn

Answer 23

Ankle prefers plantarflexion and anterior glide Tibia is restricted in gliding posteriorly on talus

Question 24

Posterior tibia on talus dysfxn

Answer 24

Ankle prefers dorsiflexion and posterior glide Tibia is restricted in gliding posteriorly on talus

Question 25

Anterior Lateral Malleolus dysfxn

Answer 25

Lateral malleolus has free anterior glide relative to distal tibia Distal medial border of the talus is more prominent Lateral malleolus restricted in posterior glide

Question 26

Posterior Lateral Malleolus dysfxn

Answer 26

Lateral malleolus has free posterior glide relative to the distal tibia Anterior portion of the talus is displaced in a lateral direction Lateral malleolus is restricted in anterior glide

Question 27

Evaluation of tarsal bone dysfxn

Answer 27

Induce plantar glide by pressing inferiorly on tarsal bone Induce dorsal glide by pressing superiorly on tarsal bone

Question 28

Most common dysfxn of navicular bone

Answer 28

Plantar navicular dysfxn, lateral navicular drops plantar

Question 29

Evaluation of plantar navicular dysfxn

Answer 29

Physician locks out motion at the talus with one hand while grasping navicular bone bw thumb and 1st finger of other hand. Glide dorsally and ventrally, noting any restriction to motion and compare bilaterally Restricted in dorsal glide

Question 30

Most common dysfxn of cuboid bone

Answer 30

Plantar cuboid dysfxn, medial cuboid drops plantar

Question 31

Evaluation of Plantar Cuboid Dysfxn

Answer 31

Physician locks out motion of the calcaneus with one hand while grasping the cuboid bone b/w thumb and 1st finger of other hand. Glide dorsally and ventrally, noting any restriction to motion and compare bilaterally Restricted in dorsal glide

Question 32

Plantar Cuboid Dysfxn commonly associated with \_\_\_

Answer 32

Posterior fibular head dysfxn

Question 33

Most common dysfxn of Cuneiform bones

Answer 33

Plantar Cuneiform dysfxn

Question 34

Evaluation of Plantar Cuneiform Dysfxn

Answer 34

Physician locks out motion at the navicular bone with one hand while grasping each cuneiform individually b/w thumb and 1st finger of other hand. Glide each cuneiform dorsally and ventrally, noting restriction to motion and compare bilaterally Restricted in dorsal glide

Question 35

Evaluation of Metatarsal Dysfxn

Answer 35

Physician grasps metatarsal head with one hand and adjacent head with other hand. Glide plantar and dorsal relative to each other, nothing ease and restriction to motion and compare bilaterally

Question 36

Evaluation of MTP, PIP, and DIP dysfxn

Answer 36

Evaluate flexion/extension, abduction/Adduction, IR/ER

Question 37

Distal Fibula Anterior ART

Answer 37

Question 38

Distal Fibula Posterior ART

Answer 38

Question 39

Dorsiflexed Talus MET

Answer 39

Question 40

Plantarflexed Talus MET

Answer 40

Question 41

ART Talar Inversion/Eversion

Answer 41

Question 42

MET: Everted Cuboid, Cuneiform, and Inverted Navicular with plantar glide

Answer 42

Question 43

Cuneiform-Metatarsal Joint: Dorsal or Plantar Glide ART

Answer 43

Question 44

MTP and PIP: Dorsal or Plantar Glide ART

Answer 44

Question 45

Most common SD movement associated with Cuboid and navicular bones are with \_\_\_

Answer 45

Plantarflexion

Question 46

During plantarflexion, the ___ aspect of the navicular bone and the ___ aspect of the cuboid bone drops plantar

Answer 46

Lateral Medial

Question 47

Indications for MET/ART

Answer 47

Balance muscle tone Strengthen weak muscles Reduce asymmetrical motion Enhance circulation of bodily fluids Lengthen shortened muscle Well tolerated in all age groups Apply ART when MET not indicated

Question 48

Contraindications for MET/ART

Answer 48

Fx or acute sprains Dislocations Spinal segmental/joint instability If technique promotes tendon avulsion Situations worsened by muscle activity (e.g. post-surgery, post-MI, metastasis) Neurovascular compromise Unable/Unwilling to follow verbal commands