Ankle/Foot Flashcards
Anterior Drawer Test of the Ankle
- test the stability if the ATFL
- Positive with excessive anterior talar translation and/or pain
pt and PT hand position for the anterior drawer of the ankle
pt: ankle in 10-15 degrees of PF
PT: S-tibia M- calcaneus with a PA force
Medial Talar Tilt Test
- test the integrity of the CFL and the ATFL
- positive with laxity compared the the contralateral side and/or pain
pt and PT positioning with the medial talar tilt test.
pt: seated or side-lying with the ankle in a neutral position
PT: S: tibia and fibula M: the talus tilts into adduction
External Rotation stress test (kleiger)
- integrity of the distal tibiofibular syndemosis and/or deltoid ligament
- positive with visible joint gapping and/or pain
pt and PT position for the External Rotation stress test (kleiger)
pt: seated with legs dangling over the edge, foot relaxed
PT: S- tibia and fibula M- the foot into external rotation
Dorsiflexion and external rotation of the foot test
- tests the integrity of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis by forcing the wider anterior portion of the talar dome into the mortise
- positive with visible joint gapping and/or pain
pt and PT position for dorsiflexion external rotation test
pt: seated; knee flexed to 90, ankle maximal DF
PT: S- tibia and fibula M- external rotation of the foot
Syndesmosis Squeeze
- Test the integrity of the syndesmosis
- positive with distal pain near the syndesmosis.
pt and PT position for the syndesmosis squeeze
pt: any comfortable position
PT: wrap hands around the lower legs and produce an inward force with both hands.
Cotton Test/ Cotton Clunk / lateral stress test
- checks for syndesmosis instability
- postitive with an audible clunk or calcaneal translation over 3-5mm
pt and PT position for the cotton test
pt: supine foot in neutral
PT: S- tibia and fibula M- the calcaneus laterally
Thompson Test
- used to determine an achilles tendon rupture
- positive with lack of foot movement into PF
pt and PT position for the thompson’s test
pt: prone
PT: squeeze the pts calf and look for ankle PF
refer to ortho if test is positive.
The windlass test
- used to test the integrity of the planter fascia
- positive if passive extension is continued to end range or until reproduction of pain
pt and PT position in the windlass test
pt: sitting with knee flexed to 90 or weight bearing with big toe resting over an edge (have the arch supported) then part 2 witch is standing with met heads over step
PT: S- the ankle into neutral M- passively extend the 1st phalange while allowing the IP joint to flex.
Jack toe raise test
- used to determine mobility of the subtalar joint
- positive if the medial arch elevates and supportive shoe wear is indicated
pt and PT position of the jack toe raise test
pt: wight bearing foot flat on surface
PT: passively DF the 1st toe
Toe Raise Test
- used to test the subtalar motion
- positive if valgus hindfoot in stance to varus hindfoot in toe raise
Mortons Test
- used to test neuroma, RX/stress fracture screen
- positive with an increase in symptoms
pt and PT position in the Morton’s test
pt in a neural foot position, feet hanging off table
PT: apply a squeeze to the metatarsal heads toward the midline
Silfverskold test
- assess contracture of the gastoc/soleus (heel cord)
- length test of the gastroc and soleus
pt and PT position of the Silfverskold test
pt: in supine
PT: find neutral subtalar joint, assess DF PROM with knee bent and knee extended.
Tinel test (on foot)
- used to assess tarsal tunnel syndrome
- positive with reproduction of tingling
