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Semester 2 PM Exam 9 > Ankle Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Ankle Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Standard AP - lateral malleolus is ____ compared to medial

A

Longer

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2
Q

Foot is divided into

A

3 pieces
Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot

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3
Q

At birth

A

calcaneus and talus are ossified (cuboid sometimes)

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4
Q

Centers of ossification appear when

A

btw 1 and 4 yrs

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5
Q

Foot is fully ossified when

A

about 20 yrs old

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6
Q

Ankle - Routine projections

A

AP
AP mortise = Oblique
Lateral
In addition inversion and eversion stress projections can be done

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7
Q

AP

A

Distal tibia and fibula
Medal and lateral malleoli (lateral should be lower than medial)
Head of talus
The bones of the foot are superimposed on each other

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8
Q

In a straight AP projection what overlaps

A

talus and malleoli
and there is not a clear joint line for talocrural joint
Shaft of tibia and fibula are overlapped too - so no interosseous membrane seen

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9
Q

AP Mortise/Oblique

A

The leg is rotated to position the malleoli in the same plane (15 deg IR)
View of entire ankle mortise with central beam btw the malleoli
Structures of foot are superimposed again

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10
Q

Ankle mortise =

A

talocrural joint

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11
Q

third malleolus

A

post rim of the tibia

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12
Q

Lateral view

A

Medial to lateral beam direction with lateral aspect closest to the film
Looking at relationship btw tibia and talus
Subtalar articulation
Talus and calcaneus

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13
Q

Zone of neutrality

A

not that much density in this area - more radiolucent - not as much trabeculae
Below talus on calcaneus

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14
Q

Oblique

A 
limb is externally rotated about 45 degrees
Distal tibiofibular area
Talofibular joint
Lateral malleolus
Tarsals are superimposed
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15
Q

Bohler’s angle

A

btw 20 and 40

Smaller than 20 = injury to calcaneus

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16
Q

Gissaines angle

A

integrity of talocalcaneal joint (40-50 degrees)

17
Q

Foot routine projections

A

AP
Oblique
Lateral

18
Q

Ray

A

Tarsal, MT, Phalanges

19
Q

Foot - AP

A 
Medial 2 rays
Phalanges
Stress films
Foot is positioned flat on receptor
Beam from dorsal to plantar - centered in base of 3rd metatarsal
20
Q

Oblique - foot

A

45 degrees from the AP, 1st metatarsal against film (kind of pronated)
central ray directed through base of 3rd to 5th rays including phalanges

21
Q

Lateral - foot

A

Lateral portion of foot closest to the film

Talar/calcaneal relationship

22
Q

jones fracture

A

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

23
Q

difference btw lateral of ankle and lateral of foot

A

where the central ray is position
Ankle = lateral malleolus
Foot = tarsal bone (navicular)

24
Q

Talometatarsal angle

A 
Arch of foot
line along midshaft of metatarsal 
Line bisectng the talus
Normal = straight line
WB vs NWB
25
Q

AP inversion and eversion stress fractures

A

Ankle mortise joint space is viewed
Normal inv = 5-15 deg
ev = 10 deg

26
Q

Ottawa rules used in cases of

A

trauma

27
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A

Inability to bear weight and walk 4 steps immediately after injury or on presentation to ER
Bony tenderness localized to post edge or inf tip of lateral malleolus
Bony tenderness up to 6cm above either malleolus

28
Q

Ottawa mid-foot rules

A

Inability to bear weigth and walk 4 steps after injury or ER
Bony tenderness over navicular
Bony tenderness over base of 5th metatarsal

29
Q

Trimalleolar fracture

A

lateral and medial malleoli and the post rim of tibia all involved

30
Q

Weakest lateral ligament

A

anterior talofibular ligament

31
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament

A

most commonly injured

32
Q

Fibular nerve impingement can occur with

A

inversion trauma

33
Q

Fracture of talus most commonly caused by

A

significant pronation/dorsiflexion force

34
Q

what percent of all fractures are calcaneal

A

2%

35
Q

What percentage of calcaneal fractures are intra-articular

Mechanism

A

75%
Often bilateral
Mechanism is often fall from height

Semester 2 PM Exam 9 (3 decks)

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