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Kinesiology > Ankle and Foot Joint > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Joint Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the A&F joint?

A

26

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2
Q

How many ligaments are in the A&F joint?

A

> 100

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3
Q

What serves as pulleys for the posterior tendons in performing eversion and inversion?

A

Malleoli

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4
Q

Part of the pulley system: Tom, Dick, and Harry

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor Hallucis longus

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5
Q

Motion at the foot occurs above or below the talus?

A

Below. It’s subtalar.

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6
Q

Extensors are on the ___, flexors are on the ___

A

top of the foot; bottom of the foot.

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7
Q

What is a Jones fracture?

A

A fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal.

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8
Q

Anatomists dispute the existence of this muscle

A

Peroneus tertius

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9
Q

Where do the peroneus tertius and peroneus brevis insert?

A

Base of the 5th metatarsal

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10
Q

Where does the Achilles insert?

A

Posterior calcaneus

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11
Q

The ____ is a conjunct tendon of the gastrocnemius complex

A

Achilles tendon

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12
Q

What is interesting about the tibiofemoral joint?

A

It has a proximal AND distal portion.

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13
Q

Tibiofemoral joint is a ___ ____ joint

A

Syndesmotic amphiarthrodial

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14
Q

Syndesmotic joint sprain=

A

High ankle sprain.

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15
Q

What ligament does the high ankle sprain primarily involve?

A

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.

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16
Q

Anatomic name for the ankle joint

A

Talocrural joint

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17
Q

Plantar flexion (50) involves standing up on __ whereas dorsal flexion (15-20) involves standing up on ___

A

toes; heels

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18
Q

The talocrural joint is a ___ joint

A

ginglymus

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19
Q

At which joints do eversion (5-15) and inversion (20)take place?

A

Subtalar and transverse

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20
Q

Subtalar and transverse joints are classified as ___ joints

A

Gliding or arthrodial

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21
Q

Intertarsal and tasometatarsal joints are ___ joints

A

Arthrodial

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22
Q

MP joint=

A

Metatarsophalangeal joint

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23
Q

What type of joint are the MP joints?

A

Condyloid

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24
Q

IP joint=

A

interphalangeal joint

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25
Q

2 most commonly sprained ankle ligaments

A

ATF (anterior talofibular ligament)

Calcaneofibular ligament

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26
Q

Most common ankle sprains result from what motion?

A

excessive inversion

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27
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the foot and ankle?

A

Deltoid ligament.

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28
Q

Pes cavus=

Pes planus=

A

Pes cavus=High arch

Pes planus=flat feet

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29
Q

This ligament is depressed during pes planus

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

30
Q

Fallen arch implies___

A

loose ligaments

31
Q

A broad structure extending from medial calcaneal tuberosity to proximal phalanges

A

Plantar fascia=plantar aponeurosis

32
Q

Function of plantar fascia/aponeurosis

A

assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal and in propelling the body forward during the latter part of stance phase.

33
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

common painful condition involving plantar fascia

34
Q

Movement of top of ankle & foot toward anterior tibia is ___

A

Dorsiflexion (flexion)

35
Q

Movement of ankle & foot away from tibia is ___

A

Plantar flexion (extension)

36
Q

Turning foot outward from midline is

A

Eversion

37
Q

Turning foot inward toward midline is

A

Inversion

38
Q

Eversion and inversion occur ____

A

Below the talus…subtalar motion.

39
Q

Combo of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe-out) is ___

A

Pronation

40
Q

Combo of ankle plantar flexion, subtaler inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe-in) is ___

A

Supination

41
Q

Anterior A&F muscles are ____

A

dorsal flexors

42
Q

Posterior A&F muscles are ____

A

Plantar flexors

43
Q

Lateral A&F muscles are ___

A

evertors

44
Q

Medial A&F muscles are ____

A

Invertors

45
Q

What are the two most powerful evertors?

A

Peroneus longus & peroneus brevis

46
Q

Common term describing painful leg condition often associated with running activities

A

Shin splints

47
Q

Acute muscle spasm in gastrocnemius and soleus is ___

A

a Cramp

48
Q

Conjunct tendon of gastrocnemius and soleus

A

Achilles

49
Q

Assessed by the Thompson test

A

Achilles

50
Q

Injury to the Achilles tendon is usually due to

A

stop-and-go activities.

51
Q

Dorsiflexors are ___ and on the shin. Plantar flexors are _____

A

Anterior; posterior

52
Q

Common peroneal (fibular) division of the sciatic nerve starts where?

A

Behind the fibular

53
Q

Common peroneal itself has 2 divisions: ___ and ___

A

Superficial peroneal nerve and deep peroneal nerve

54
Q

Deep peroneal nerve serves this muscle group

A

Evertors

55
Q

Which is biarticular? Gastrocnemius or soleus?

A

Gastrocnemius

56
Q

The soleus is most effective when ___

A

the knee is in partial flexion

57
Q

Anatomic name for the calf

A

Triceps surae

58
Q

Evertors are on the ____ side

A

Lateral

59
Q

What does the Peroneus brevis (2) do?

A

Helps maintain the lateral longitudinal arch.

60
Q

Toe extension involves what muscle?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

61
Q

What’s an interesting fact about the extensor digitorum longus?

A

It is LONG; starts close to knee and ends at toes.

62
Q

This muscle strongly contracts when a person iceskates

A

Tibialis anterior muscle

63
Q

Medial tibial pain usually involves what muscle?

A

Tibialis anterior muscle

64
Q

What 2 muscles help to maintain the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

65
Q

what muscles are usually underdeveloped in most people, resulting in an arch cramp?

A

Flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus.

66
Q

What action do the 4 lumbricales perform?

A

Flexion of MP joints of 2-5

67
Q

What action do the 3 plantar interossei perform?

A

Adduct the toes

68
Q

What action do the 4 dorsal interossei perform?

A

Abduct and flex the toes.

69
Q

What are the agonists of ankle dorsiflexion?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius

70
Q

Actions of the Gastrocnemius vs. the Soleus

A

(Plantar flexion + knee extension) vs (Plantar flexion + knee flexion).

Kinesiology (4 decks)

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