Ankle and Foot

Question 1

Ottawa Ankle Rules:

Answer 1

Patient unable to bear weight

Point tenderness in either malleolar zone, mid-foot zone, base of fifth metatarsal, or at navicular

Question 2

Advanced imaging used after radiographic findings are either

Answer 2

(1) Insufficient to guide treatment or

(2) After radiographic findings are negative when further injury is suspected

Question 3

Inversion stress accounts for what percentage of all traumatic conditions of the ankle?

Answer 3

85%

Question 4

What is degree of damage dependent on?

Answer 4

direction and magnitude of applied force

Question 5

Sprains due to inversion stresses damage

Answer 5

lateral collateral ligaments

Anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments most frequently injured components of LCL system

Question 6

Sprains due to eversion stresses damage:

Answer 6

medial collateral ligament

Question 7

Common injuries at ankle:

Answer 7

Fractures and fracture–dislocations

Question 8

MOI of ankle:

Answer 8

axial or rotational loading

Question 9

Unimalleolar fracture

Answer 9

indicating fracture of either lateral or medial malleolus

Question 10

Bimalleolar fracture

Answer 10

indicating fracture of both lateral and medial malleoli

Question 11

Trimalleolar fracture

Answer 11

fracture of both malleoli and posterior rim of tibia…..sometimes called “third malleolus”

Question 12

Other fractures involving ankle joint include

Answer 12

Shaft fractures of fibula and tibia
Comminuted fractures of distal tibia
Intra-articular fractures of tibial plafond or talar dome

Question 13

Most common complications of ankle fractures:

Answer 13

non-union and degenerative joint changes associated with post-traumatic arthritis

Question 14

Talar fractures:

Answer 14

intra-articular