Ankle and Foot

Question 1

Observation/Palpation

Answer 1

Medial malleolus
Lateral malleolus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (1-3)
Metatarsals/ MTP joints
Phalanges
Medial longitudinal arch Made up of Talus, Navicular, Cuneiforms 1-3 &
Metatarsals 1-3
Lateral longitudinal arch Made up of Calcaneus, Cuboid & Metatarsals 4-5
Transverse distal tarsal arch Made up of Navicular, Cuboid, Cuneiforms 1-3 &
Proximal Metatarsals
Deltoid ligament Primary stabilizer of medial ankle
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament “Always Tears First”
Calcaneofibular ligament
Plantar fascia
Achilles Tendon
Anterior tibialis tendon
Posterior tibialis tendon
All 3 tendons pass through the Tarsal Tunnel:
“Tom, Dick, and Harry” Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Extensor hallicus longus tendon
Extensor tendons, Extensor retinaculum
Peroneus (Fibularis) tendons

Question 2

Dorsiflextion

Answer 2

15-20

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Question 3

Plantarflextion

Answer 3

50-65
gastrocnemius/soleus, flexor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

Question 4

Ankle Inversion

Answer 4

35

tibialis anterior

Question 5

Ankle Eversion

Answer 5

20

fibularis longus and brevis

Question 6

Pronation

Answer 6

Dorsiflextion, ABduction, and Eversion

Question 7

Supination

Answer 7

Plantar flexion, ADduction, and Inversion