Ankle

Question 1

the higher the value, the better the chance to rule in the condition or pathology

Answer 1

Specificity

Question 2

navicular drop test

Answer 2

• To quantify the amount of foot pronation
• Intended to represent the sagittal plane displacement of the navicular tuberosity from a neutral position to a relaxed position in standing.
• Assess change in height of the navicular from a subtalar neutral position to relaxed standing (6-8 mm normal; > 10-15 excessive)

Question 3

IF THERE IS NOT SUFFICIENT EVERSION IN A VARUS
DEFORMITY THEN THE FOOT CANNOT COMPENSATE USING EVERSION AND WILL REMAIN IN A VARUS POSITION WHEN IN WEIGHTBEARING. IN THIS CASE THE MEDIAL BORDER OF THE FOOT WILL NOT TOUCH THE FLOOR, OR TOUCH IT VERY LIGHTLY. This foot will be _________ in WB.

Answer 3

supinated​

Question 4

what muscle keeps the 1st ray on the ground during gate?

Answer 4

fibularis longus

(eversion and plantar flexion)

Question 5

which joint of the foot has the biggest component in pronation and supination?

Answer 5

both subtalar joint and midtarsal joint

Question 6

Uncompensated rearfoot varus in non weight bearing

Answer 6

No or extremely limited STJ eversion

Question 7

How to find subtalar joint neutral

Answer 7

1. Pt in prone
2. Palpate medial and lateral talus
3. Apply a force in DF to 4th and 5th metatarsals and IN and EV
4. When talus feels equally in both fingers
5. Mesure with gonio

Varus or vertical, valgus is rare.

Question 8

Answer 8

During pronation the axes of the STJ/MTJ are parallel giving more mobility

Question 9

Subtalar joint ROM measurement technique

Answer 9

• More IN (avg = 38.7°)
• than EV (avg = 9.9°)

Question 10

presence of subtalar joint eversion during NWB,

in WB: low arch, calcaneus everts to vertical or more, medial talar bulge, lateral fatpads bulge

Answer 10

compensated rearfoot varus

Question 11

Orthotic goal with uncompensated rearfoot varus

Answer 11

bring the ground to the foot

• medial rearfoot varus POST
• will prevent the need for compensations from initial contact to early

Question 12

IF THERE IS SUFFICIENT EVERSION IN A VARUS
DEFORMITY THEN THE FOOT WILL COMPENSATE BY EVERTING A GREAT DEAL UNTIL THE MEDIAL BORDER OF THE CALCANEUS IS ON THE FLOOR. This foot will be _________ in WB.

Answer 12

hyper-pronated​

Question 13

Answer 13

Forefoot varus, inverted forefoot

Question 14

Manter originally described two axes of rotation for movement at the transverse tarsal joint:

Answer 14

longitudinal and oblique

Question 15

subtalar joint rearfoot varus vs valgus

Answer 15

Question 16

orthotic goal of a compensated rearfoot varus

Answer 16

• controll but not eliminate STJ eversion from initial contact to MST
• Medial rearfoot varus post (corrective post, not supportive)
• Arch support

Question 17

the higher the value, the better the chance to rule out the condition or pathology

Answer 17

Sensitivity

Question 18

if the calcaneus everts to vertical or beyond

Answer 18

compensated calcaneus varus

Question 19

Answer 19

calcaneal varus or rearfoot varus

Question 20

Answer 20

uncompensated calcaneus varus

Question 21

the primary movements of the longitudinal axis of the midtarsal joint are

Answer 21

eversion and inversion

Question 22

laud walker, calcaneus remains varus (> 7 deg), Med to high arch, LE is ER

Answer 22

uncompensated rearfoot varus in WB

Question 23

if the calcaneus everts but not to vertical

Answer 23

partially compensated

Question 24

1st ray of the foot is composed of

Answer 24

the functional unit of 1st metatarsal & 1st cuneiform

Question 25

Self-report measures for the foot and ankle

Answer 25

• LEFS: Lower Extremity Functional Scale
• FAAM: Foot and Ankle Ability Measure

Question 26

which is the most stable ray of the foot?

Answer 26

2nd and 3rd rays

Question 27

Uncompensated rearfoot varus in weight bearing

Answer 27

• calcaneus remains varus (> 7 deg)
• Med to high arch
• LE is ER

Question 28

locking o the midfoot occurs as

Answer 28

• during supination, STJ and MTJ axes are not parallel giving less mobility

Question 29

The windlass action causes the longitudinal arches of the foot to rise when the toes are extended as well as stiffening the fibrous tissues of the ball of the foot during push-off.

Answer 29

WINDLASS MECHANISM

Question 30

the primary movements of the oblique axis of the midtarsal joint are

Answer 30

• abduction and DF
• adduction and PF

Question 31

what happens at the subtalar joint at heel strike?

Answer 31

supination, then it goes into pronation

Question 32

during the loading phase of walking, the 1st ray _______ and ______

Answer 32

dorsiflexes and everts

Question 33

which is the most mobile ray of the foot:

Answer 33

1st ray and 5th ray

Question 34

If the calcaneus is in the same position as the subtalar joint

Answer 34

uncompensated calcaneus varus

Question 35

Answer 35

calcaneal valgus or rearfoot valgus

Question 36

The transverse tarsal joint, also known as the midtarsal joint, consists of two anatomically distinct articulations:

Answer 36

1. talonavicular joint
2. calcaneocuboid joint.

Question 37

Excessive navicular drop has been reported in patients with a history of

Answer 37

• ACL tears
• and is thought to predispose individuals to shin splints
• and medial tibial stress syndrome.
• It may also help identify individuals who would benefit from prefabricated orthotics and modified
  activity in those with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
• Headlee et al also found a positive NDT as being indicative of plantar intrinsic muscle fatigue.

Question 38

Answer 38

Forefoot valgus, everted forefoot

Question 39

Answer 39

Plantar-flexed first ray

Question 40

During walking, the 1st ray _______ and ______ during the propulsion phase

Answer 40

Plantarflexes and inverts