ankle

Question 1

at what position is the ankle joint most stable? why

Answer 1

most stable position: dorsiflexed position bc wider part is the anterior talus that is in the ankle joint at that position

Question 2

Ankle joint axis

Answer 2

8 deg from transverse plane

20-30 degree from frontal plane

Question 3

what is the relation between the different plane motions?

Answer 3

transverse plane motion at ankle reduces amt of frontal plane motion needed at subtalar joint

knee is mainly perpindicular to sagittal

Question 4

what is the normal ROM for ankle? what is the min ROM needed for dorsiflexion/plantarflexion otherwise pathologic?

Answer 4

normal dorsiflexion/plantar: 10/45 degrees

min: 10/20 deg

Question 5

compensation of ankle (in order)

Answer 5

Knee–> MTJ oblique axis–>STJ

Question 6

malleolar positioning from birth–>adult

Answer 6

birth: 0-5 deg external malleolar position

@1 yr: 10 deg

it increases by 1 deg for each year of age until 12-13

final: 18-23 deg of external malleolar positioning

Question 7

what its actual amt of external tibial torsion? what happens if its less or if external torsion di not occur?

Answer 7

13-18 deg

anything less “internal tibial torsion”–most common cause of in toe gait before age 2

in toe gait would occur if there was no external torsion

Question 8

what fires during static stance?

Answer 8

achilles pulls on cacaneus to create plantarflexion to counteract the GRF pushing anterior to ankle joint axis

Question 9

what is the function of anterior tibialis during heel contact

Answer 9

slow down plantarflexion and decrease shock

Question 10

when does plantarflexion of ankle end during stance

Answer 10

during forefoot loading

Question 11

what are we actually measuring when measuring for tibial torshion?

Answer 11

distal tibiofibular axis created by malleoli