Ankle

Question 1

What is the anterior drawer test at the ankle testing?

Answer 1

injury to anterior talofibular ligament
(ATFL)

Question 2

How to perform anterior drawer test on ankle?

Answer 2

Patient supine
You hold shin
With other hand cup heel and try to shift foot anteriorly
Looking for amount of anterior shift and change in end feel

Question 3

Positive result for anterior drawer test on ankle?

Answer 3

Anterior translation greater than 1cm more than healthy ankle

Laxity and/or pain

Question 4

What is talar tilt test for?

Answer 4

injury of the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

Question 5

How to perform talar tilt?

Answer 5

Patient supine
Your hand over top of foot
Stabilise bottom of shin
Try to ext rotate foot (so if you’re standing to medial side of foot, turn your fingers on foot towards the ground)

Question 6

Positive result for talar tilt?

Answer 6

Pain and/ or laxity compared to non injured side

Question 7

What is Thompson Test for?

Answer 7

Achilles tendon complete rupture

Question 8

How to perform Thompson Test?

Answer 8

Patient prone with foot hanging off end of table
Squeeze calf mucles/ triceps surae group

Question 9

Positive result for Thompson Test

Answer 9

Squeezing calf produces no motion at foot
Compare to uninjured side where squeezing calf will produce some plantar flexion of foot

Question 10

Why is Thompson Test not ideal?

Answer 10

If there was a partial tear might still get negative result. If it’s positive you can probs see without needing the test

Question 11

What is Tinel’s test for?

Answer 11

Peripheral nerve injury - to examine for tarsal tunnel syndrome: running through flexor retinaculum is ‘Tom dick and nervous Harry’ - Tibilias posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, Artery, tibial Nerve, flexor Hallucis longus

Question 12

How to perform Tinel’s test

Answer 12

Tap two fingers firmly in gap between medial malleolus and back of calcaneus for 30sec

Question 13

Positive result for Tinel’s test?

Answer 13

Tingling/ paraesthesia distally on sole of foot

Question 14

How to perform dorsiflexion lunge test?

Answer 14

Patient in a low lunge with front thigh at 90 degrees to flat wall
Dorsiflex foot until knee taps wall
Keep moving foot away from wall to see how far patient can still tap knee to wall and keep heel on floor
Make sure hips stay square, don’t twist

Question 15

Positive result for dorsiflexion lunge test?

Answer 15

Foot 10-15cm away from wall is considered normal

Use to compare one side to other