Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 11 H > Animals > Flashcards

Animals Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the two divisions of Kingdom Animalia?

A

Vertebrates and Invertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Name 6 characteristics of Kingdom Animalia

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Heterotrophic (eukaryotic cells lack photosynthetic pigments)
  3. Nutrition by ingestion with digestion in an internal cavity
  4. Development of a sensory-neuromotor systems - brain and nerves
  5. Motility by contractile fibres - muscles
  6. Reproduction primarily sexual - eggs and sperm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

Animals with backbones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are animals without backbones called?

A

Invertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percentage of animals are invertebrates?

A

95-97%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the 8 major phyla of invertebrates and provide examples for each.

A 
Porifera - sponges
Cnidarians - hydra, jellyfish
Platyhelminthes - planarian, tapeworms
Aschelminthes - round worms, important animal parasites
Annelida - earthworms, leeches
Mollusca - clams, snails, squid
Echinoderm
Arthropoda - crustaceans, insects, arachnids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Cells that function in a specialized activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue found in animals?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nerve
Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Connective tissue can be…

A

Bone, cartilage, fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscle tissue is…

A

Smooth (no control), striated (skeletal), cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an organ?

A

2+ tissues which work together to perform a common task.

Eg. Heart contains all 4 types of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an organ system?

A

2+ organs that perform a specific task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some examples of organ systems?

A

Nervous, digestive, excretory, immune, circulatory, muscular, skeletal, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 embryonic tissues and what do they do?

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Give rise to all of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of he body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an ectodorm and what does it do?

A

An embryonic tissue, forms outer layer of skin and nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a mesoderm and what does it do?

A

An embryonic tissue, forms muscles, connective tissues, skeleton, kidneys, and circulatory and reproductive organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an endoderm and what does it do?

A

An embryonic tissue, forms lining of the gut, respiratory tract, and urinary bladder. Also forms glands associated with gut and respiratory tract (gastrodermis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is radial symmetry?

A

Multiplains of symmetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is bilateral symmetry?

A

Can cut through the middle, two equal halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is dorsal and ventral?

A

Dorsal - farthest from ground

Ventral - closest to ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is posterior and anterior?

A

Posterior - near rear end, behind

Anterior - near front/head, where brain development happens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is cephalization?

A

Having a well-recognized anterior head with a brain and snsory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a coelom?

A

Open body cavity

- enables growth, things to slide past one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 4 characteristics of Phylum Porifera?

A

Most primitive animals
Non-motile (except larvae)
Marine/aquatic
Cellular level of organization

Porifera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does water flow through in Porifera (sponges)?

A

Flows through incurrent pores and out through osculum

Porifera

25
Q

What do collar cells contain and what is its purpose?

A

Collar cells contain flagellum, beats to produce a current allowing water to flow through sponge.

Porifera

26
Q

What is mesoglea?

A

Non-living jelly like material containing amoeboid like cells that engulf food. In addition they divide sex cells.
(Amoeboid like cells release water along with sperm to fertilize)

Porifera

27
Q

What are spicules?

A

Crystals of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3), provide support (skeleton) or can be made from spongin providing flexibility.

Porifera

28
Q

What does it mean when sponges are sessile?

A

Food has to come to the sponge

Porifera

29
Q

Are scypha (sponges) phototrophic or heterotrophic?

A

Heterotrophic (lack photosynthetic material)

Porifera

30
Q

How do scypha/sponges obtain food?

A

Collar cells beat, draw water in containing small animals
Collar cells capture food by sticky substance on flagella, ingeset by endocytosis
Food passes from collar cells to other parts of sponge via amoeboid cells (mesenchyme cells)

Porifera

31
Q

What does endocytosis mean?

A

Bring something in to engulf
Endo - bring something in
Cytosis - engulf

Porifera

32
Q

Describe the sexual reproduction of scypha/sponges.

A

Mesoglea cells differentiate into eggs and sperm (could be the same or different individuals)
SPerm and egg unite to form flagellated larva which swims to new area; settles to form a new individual

Porifera

33
Q

How do scypha/sponges reproduce asexually?

A

Spore formation or fragmentation to form a new individual.

Porifera

34
Q

Describe the habitat of Porifera.

A

Mostly marine (some fresh water)
Deep coastal
Needs clean water, sensitive to pollution (clogs incurrent pores)

Porifera

35
Q

What is the ecological significance of Porifera/sponges?

A

Bath sponge industry
Generally not food for other animals

Porifera

36
Q

What are some characteristics of Cnidarians?

A 
10,000 species
Radial symmetry
Contains Nematocysts (stinging cells)
2 forms:
 - Free swimming - Medusa
 - Stationary (Sessile) - Polyn
Nervous System, Muscular Fibres
Gastrovascular Cavity - Open gut (bag within bag)
Body wall has 3 distinct layers
Tissue Level of organization
Do not contain excretory system
Do have nerve system - called a nerve net

Cnidarians

37
Q

Where do Cnidarians reside?

A

Marine coastal waters, some fresh

Cnidarians

38
Q

Describe the methods of nutrition by Polyn/Sessile Cnidarians.

A

Waits for food to pass by, as food brushes by tentacles nematocyst fired (touch)
Nematocyst contains poison, causes paralysis
Tentacles wrap around food drawing it into mouth

Cnidarians

39
Q

Describe the means of nutrition by Medusa Cnidarians.

A

Actively capture prey
Same processes as Polyp
- Food brushes by tentacles, nematocyst fired (contains poison causing paralysis), tentacles wrap around food, draw into mouth

Cnidarians

40
Q

How could poly forms of Cnidarians photosynthesize?

A

Contain zooanthellae (green algae) in the body wall, produce sugar and O2
- Symbiotic relationship with Cnidarian
This is rare

Cnidarians

41
Q

How does digestion occur for Cnidarians?

A

In gastrovascular cavity by secretion of enzymes by gland cells, food engulfed by pseudopods
Food eliminated through mouth by currents set up flagellated cells in gastrovascular cavity

Cnidarians

42
Q

Describe the respiration and excretion of Cnidarians.

A

Occurs by diffusion across cell walls

Cnidarians

43
Q

Describe both asexual and sexual reproduction for Cnidarians

A

Asexual
- budding or fragmentation
Sexual:
- release of eggs and sperm into water by separate sexes
- hermaphrodite: both eggs and sperm on same individual (cross fertilization)

Cnidarians

44
Q

What are some characteristics of Platyhelminthes?

A 
Bilateral symmetry
Dorsal-Ventral flattened
Cephalization (brain formation)
No body Cavity - three cell layers
Gastrovascular cavity
Protonephridia - "protokidneys"
Hermaphroditic - animals have both male and female sex organs
Mostly aquatic - bottom dwellers

Platyhelminthes

45
Q

Describe the nutrition of Planaria

A

Actively pursue prey, eye can detect light
Extension of pharynx
Feed on small live or larger dead
No digestion in gastrovascular cavity, food taken up by epithelial cells

Platyhelminthes

46
Q

Describe the nutrition of tapeworms.

A

Feed by diffusion
Food broken down by host

Platyhelminthes

47
Q

What is the tapeworm life cycle?

A
  1. In human intestine/host
  2. Gravid proglottids pass out with feces
  3. Eggs in food eaten by hog/intermediate host
  4. Larvae burrown onto blood or lymph vessels and carried to muscle
  5. Hog muscle to Cysticercus (bladder worm) to host

Platyhelminthes

48
Q

Describe the nervous system of Platyhelminthes.

A

Central nervous system with cephalization (free living forms)
Ladder type nervous system (Planaria)

Platyhelminthes

49
Q

Describe the Fluke Life Cycle (disease).

A
  1. In primary host’s liver
  2. Fertile eggs shed in feces
  3. Larva penetrates intermediate host
  4. Escapes into water
  5. Encysts on grass eaten by host

Platyhelminthes

50
Q

What are some characteristics of Aschelminthes (Nematoda) Roundworms

A 
Bilateral symmetry
Cylinder shape "Tube within Tube"
Cephalization
Mouth is anterior
Anus is posterior
No respiration or circulation systems
Contains pseudocoelom false body cavity (not lined with mesoderm)

Aschelminthes

51
Q

What are key parts of a cross section of a female Ascaris?

A 
Cuticle (outside layer)
Uterus (big circle inside)
Oviduct (one of the circles nearer edges)
Pseudocoel (clear stuff)
Ovary (Circle with stuff on inside)
Muscle cells (line outside)
Intestine (Mouth below uterus)

Aschelminthes

52
Q

What do aschelminthes eat?

A

Parasites

Aschelminthes

53
Q

How do roundworms (Aschelminthes) obtain food?

A

Suck food in through the mouth via contraction of pharynx
May or may not contain digestive enzymes (depends on where they live)
- Parasitic, range of enzymes small

Aschelminthes

54
Q

What is the advantage of a separate anus/open body cavity?

A 
Do not get mixing of food
Continuous eating
Movement - can slide past/bend
Protection
Space for organ systems to develop

Aschelminthes

55
Q

What are 3 types of roundworms that can cause diseases?

A

Ascaris
Trichina Worm
Hookworm

Aschelminthes

56
Q

What do Ascaris do?

A

Ingegsted, burrow through intestine into blood system => lungs => mouth => stomach
Female lays 200,000 eggs daily

Aschelminthes

57
Q

What do Trichina Worms do?

A

Comes from eating uncooked pork
Worm burrows into muscle forming a cyst
Burrowing can cause damage

Aschelminthes

58
Q

What do hookworms do?

A

Ingested, burrow through intestine into blood system => lungs => mouth => stomach

59
Q

In depth describe the life cycle of Ascaris.

A
  1. Adult worms live in lumen of small intestine, females produce 240,000 eggs/day , passed with feces
  2. Fertile eggs embryonate, become infective after 18 days to several weeks
  3. Depending on environmental conditions (optimum: warm, moist, shaded soil), after infective eggs swallowed
  4. Larvae hatch
  5. Invades intestinal mucosa, carried via portal, systemic circulation to lungs.
    6.

Biology 11 H (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions