Animal Transport

Question 1

Circulatory system

Compare open and closed circulatory systems

Answer 1

Type of Fluid (Open):Hemolymph
Type of fluid(closed):Blood

Length of blood vessels(open): Short
Length of blood vessels(closed):Long

Speed of fluid flow(open): Slower
Speed of fluid flow(closed):Faster

Pressure in system(open):Low
OPressure in system(closed):High

Transport efficiency(open): Low
Transport efficiency(closed):high

Organisms with system(open):Insects
Organisms with system(closed):humans

Question 2

Type of Circulation

Mammals

Type of circulation, Transport fluid and Description

Answer 2

Closed double, with blood as transport fluid.

left atrium recieves oxygenated blood from lungs to the ventricles then to the systemic cappilaries where gas eschange takes place. De-oxygenated blood goes to left aorta then ventricle then lungs for gas exchange.

Question 3

Type of circulation

Fish

Type of circulation, Transport fluid and Description

Answer 3

Single closed, Blood as transport fluid

Heart pumps through artery to gill cappilaries oxygenating the blood using gas exchange. Blood goes to systemic cappilaries with gas exchange then back to heart

Question 4

Type of circulation

Insects

Type of circulation, Transport fluid and Description

Answer 4

Open, hemolymph as a transport fluid

Blood goes through dorsal blood vessels to ostia(openings in heart) then flows through body due to heartlike structure

Question 5

Types of circulation

Amphibians

Type of circulation, Transport fluid and Description

Answer 5

Closed double with blood as transport fluid

Right atrium to right ventricle, deoxygenated blood is pumped to lungs and skin where gas exchange takes playe. The oxygenated blood goes to right atrium, right ventricle then to systemic cappilaries then deoxygenated blood is returned to the right atrium

Question 6

Blood vessels

What are arteries?

Answer 6

These blood vessels carry blod away from the heart. They carry blood under high pressure and have thick muscular walls.

Question 7

Blood vessels

What are Veins?

Answer 7

These blood vessels carry blood towards the heart. They have thin wallls and many of them have veins to help direct blood towards the heart.

Question 8

Blood vessels

What are Cappillaries?

Answer 8

These connect the veins to the arteries. They have thin walls that are only one cell thick. They are so small that red blood cells have to move along them in single file, which means blood travels very slowly

Inreality, the large arteries gradually get smaller, then are called cappillaries, till they are one cell thick.

These arterioles of the arteries are then called capillaries of the veins when the blood that they carry starts oving back to the heart. As they get thicker walls they are called venules and finally veins.

Question 9

Blood

What are the 4 components of blood?

Name, Percentage in blood and function

Answer 9

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) or Erythrocytes:

Percentage of Blood: 45% of total blood volume.

Function: RBCs contain hemoglobin that transport oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. They also transport carbon dioxide from tissues back to the lungs for exhalation.

White Blood Cells (WBCs) or Leukocytes:

Percentage of Blood: Less than 1% of total blood volume.

Function: WBCs are part of the immune system and defend the body against infections and foreign invaders.

Platelets:

Percentage of Blood: Less than 1% of total blood volume.

Function: Involved in blood clotting (hemostasis). They help to form blood clots to stop bleeding when blood vessels are damaged.

Plasma:

Percentage of Blood: 55% of total blood volume.

Function: Plasma is the liquid component of blood meduim for transporting stuff in vessels.