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Captive Vert Management > Animal Transfers + Disease Programs > Flashcards

Animal Transfers + Disease Programs Flashcards

1
Q

Animal transfer

A

movement within or between zoos

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2
Q

Animal translocation

When is it done?

A

movement to another geographic location (wild)

Done for stocking for hunting, conservation, repopulation, commercial exploitation

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3
Q

Physical restraint advantages (2)

A

cheap quick

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4
Q

Physical restraint disadvantages (4)

A

Requires experienced keepers Requires physical exertion and force Risk of injury Risk of post capture problems

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5
Q

Chemical restraint advantages (5)

A

Safe for animals Safe for operator Quick Small expense Can vary level of dose = vary level of restraint

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6
Q

Chemical restraint disadvantages (5)

A

Darting accidents expensive when dealing with a large group restricted to vet/under vet supervision can cause injury (pneumonia etc) drugs can be dangerous to operators

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7
Q

Mechanical restraint advantages (3)

A

safe for animal and operator once animal is contained cheap and quick if handling large numbers frequently useful when there is no vet

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8
Q

Mechanical restraint disadvantages (3)

A

Large outlay of finances and human resources

Different facilities needed for different species

Requires animal conditioning

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9
Q

Choice of what restraint to use depends on… (4)

A

Species (size)

Number of individuals

Finances

Physical outlay

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10
Q

Using anaesthesia during translocation advantages (2)

A

safer for animal

Quicker

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11
Q

Using anaesthesia during translocation disadvantages (3)

A

expensive to maintain dose

requires a vet to travel with

complications can arise

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12
Q

Translocation preparation

A

Proposal - outline a goal, what do you want to achieve through reintroduction etc, benefits, impacts, ecological/social/economic impacts

Assess the species

Put a monitoring project in place

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13
Q

Assessing a species before translocation (7)

A

Species biology (interspecific relations, dependencies)

Chosen habitat

Founders (genetic diversity, good health)

Welfare (reduce stress in process)

Disease (consider human pops in the area)

Social feasibility

Compliance with regulations (land uses etc)

Resource availability (money)

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14
Q

IUCN principles of preventing disease transmission during translocation

A

requires quarantine

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15
Q

regulations impacting translocations (4)

A

state/territory legislations (EAPA in NSW)

IATA

EPBC - requires a permit to do any movements

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16
Q

Pre transport health checks advantages (3)

A

prevent disease spread

allows health/fecundity check

ensures animals are fit for survival

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17
Q

Pre transport health checks disadvantages (5)

A

can cause stress

money

physical + possible human/animal injury

desensitisation to humans

can be time consuming if doing large numbers

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18
Q

Reintroduction

A

intentional movement and release into native range from which it has disappeared

19
Q

Advantages of vaccination

A

prevent animal contracting disease, spread, and zoonoses

20
Q

Disadvantages of vaccination

A

animal can go into anaphylaxis

may need to capture/restrain animal

21
Q

Why are parasites an issue in zoos?

A

because animal is in the same place for a long period, and animal density is greater than in the wild

22
Q

Ectoparasite

How to avoid

A

live on body surface

maintain good animal and enclosure hygiene

regular vet checks

23
Q

Endoparasite

How to avoid

A

live inside body tissues/gut

diagnosed via faecal/body tissue exam

prevented by faecal exam and night yards

treated with anthelmintic drugs

24
Q

Problems with drugs used to treat endoparasite (2)

A

drugs are made for livestock, may not work

everyone in the exhibit must recieve the drug to lessen overall egg count

25
Q

Advantages of regular health checks (4)

A

detect disease early

allow treatment

collect samples

check weights and overall health

26
Q

Disadvantages of regular health checks (3)

A

causes stress to individuals and others in the enclosure

could require anaesthesia

may be problems reintroducing animal back into social group

27
Q

Other routine preventative procedures (7)

A

Quaratine

hygiene and enclosure mainenance

post mortem and carcass disposal

pest and parasite control

record keeping (health and deaths)

biosecurity

ensure water and food quality

28
Q

aims of quarantine (2)

A

prevent disease spread

provides a period where staff can assess baseline behaviour, health, appetite etc

29
Q

Quarantine and stress

A

after stress of move is gone, staff can assess normal animal husbandry before going into exhibit

stress can be a trigger for disease

30
Q

Quarantine period depends on (3)

A

species

country of origin

country its going to

31
Q

Importance of post mortem examinations (3)

A

disease control

provide data on health trends

influence descisions about living animal care

32
Q

Zoonoses

A

AKA anthropozoonoses

animal diseases that can be transmitted to humans

33
Q

Reverse zoonoses

A

AKA anthroponosis

a disease transmitted from human to animal

34
Q

Common bacterial zoonoses (2)

A

Turberculosis (inhalation)

Salmonella (contaminated food/surfaces, conact with animal/faeces)

35
Q

Common viral zoonoses (3)

A

Avian influenza/bird flu (direct contact with birds/faeces)

Hepatitus (direct contact with body fluids)

West Nile Virus (biting insects)

36
Q

Common fungal zoonoses (1)

A

ring worm (direct contact)

37
Q

What to do if you dont know what the infection is vs if you know (in terms of quarantine)

A

If infection is not known - reduce contact with animals to a very few

If infection is known - quarantine

38
Q

How to avoid zoonoses via faecal contact (4)

A

regularly remove faeces

separate night quarters

PPE

good hygiene

39
Q

how to avoid zoonoses via biting insects

A

insectiside or animal flea treatment

40
Q

How to prevent the impact of zoonoses (8)

A

Good husbandry

record keeping

animal ID

staff training

biosecurity

enclosure security

drainage and waste disposal

food/water quality assurance

management of pests

animal movements within zoo grounds

zoo facilities and design must be constructed to best suit biosecurity (e.g. drainage)

people control (visitors, contractors, staff)

vehicle movement

preventative medicine

quarantine

death post mortem, carcass disposal

41
Q

How to control pest species (3)

A

maintain hygiene

perimeter security (electric fences etc)

human pest traps

42
Q

Diseases that can be transmitted via pests (4)

A

leptospirosis - ticks from rodents

lime disease - ticks from rodents

salmonella - bacteria from rodents to food

sarcocytosis - opossum faecal parasite via cockroaches

43
Q

problems caused by pests (2) - other than disease

A

compete for resources (food, shelter)

predation on eggs or young

44
Q

Importance of biosecurity (5)

A

keep animals, staff, visitors safe and healthy

minimise treatment costs

keeps zoo running if an outbreak occurs

keeps good reputation

assists zoos in managing exotic species

Captive Vert Management (7 decks)

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