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Biology Paper 1 > Animal tissues, organs and organ systems > Flashcards

Animal tissues, organs and organ systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is function of spongy mesophyll

A

To allow carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf and increase surface area

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2
Q

What is the function of the layer of palisade cells

A

Absorbs light

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3
Q

What is the function of epidermis

A

Allows light to reach the palisade cells

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4
Q

What is the function of waxy cuticle

A

Protects the leaf without blocking out light

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5
Q

What is xylem and phloem and what do they do

A

Tissues which transport substances around plant

  • Xylem - Distributes water and dissolved minerals upward through the plant from roots to the leaves
  • Phloem - Carries food downwards from leaves to the roots
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6
Q

What is mesophyll

A

Tissues which carry out photosynthesis

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7
Q

What is epidermal tissue

A

Tissue which covers the plant

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8
Q

What are organ systems

A

A group of organs that perform a particular function

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9
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of tissues

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10
Q

What is epithelial tissue

A

Covers some parts of bodies providing protection

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11
Q

What is a glandular tissue

A

Produces substances such as enzymes and hormones

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12
Q

What is a muscular tissue

A

A type of tissue that contracts to bring about movement

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13
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells with similar cell structure and function

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14
Q

How are capillaries adapted to their function

A
  • Function : Enables transfer of substances between the blood and tissues
  • Walls are one cell thick - short diffusion path
  • Permeable walls - Substances can diffuse across
  • Narrow Lumen - Blood moves slowly - more time for diffusion
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15
Q

How are veins adapted to their function

A
  • Function : Carry blood towards the heart
  • Wide lumen - enables low pressure
  • Valves - prevent backflow of blood
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16
Q

How are arteries adapted to their function

A
  • Function : Carry blood away from the heart

* Thick muscle layer - adds strength to resist high pressure

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17
Q

What are 3 types of blood vessels in the body

A
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
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18
Q

What is the approximate value of the natural resting heart rate

A

70 beats per minute

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19
Q

What is purpose of coronary artery

A

Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

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20
Q

What is the purpose of valves in the heart

A

Prevent the backflow of blood

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21
Q

What are four main blood vessels associated with the heart

A

•Aorta (left) - Carries oxygenated blood from heart to the body

•Pulmonary vein (left) - Carries oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the heart

  • Vena cava (right) - Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
  • Pulmonary artery (right) - Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
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22
Q

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker

A

The left ventricle has to pump blood at a higher pressure around the whole body

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23
Q

How many chambers does the heart have and what are they called

A

4 - right atrium, right ventricle , left atrium, left ventricle

24
Q

Where does blood pumped by left ventricle go

A

Body tissues

25
Q

Where does blood pumped by the right ventricle go

A

The lungs

26
Q

How does double circulatory system work

A
  • One pathway carries blood from the heart to the lungs - where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place
  • One pathway carries blood from heart to the tissues
27
Q

What is the purpose of the circulatory system

A

Carries oxygen and other useful substances to bodily tissues and removes waste substances

28
Q

What is the heart

A

An organ that pumps blood around the body

29
Q

Where is bile made and stored in the body

A

Bile is made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

30
Q

What is the role of enzymes in digestive system

A

Enzymes acts as biological catalysts which speed up rate of biological reactions without being used up

31
Q

What is role of lipases in the digestive system

A

Lipases break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

32
Q

What is the lock and key hypothesis of enzyme function

A

The shape of the enzyme active site and the substrate are complementary so can bind together to form an enzyme - substrate complex

33
Q

How does the shape of an enzyme affect its function

A

Enzymes have a specific active site which is complementary to their substrate

34
Q

What is the role of the large intestine in the digestive system

A

Absorbs water from undigested food producing faeces

35
Q

What is the role of the liver in the digestive system

A

Produces bile (stored in the gallbladder) which emulsifies lipids and allows the lipase enzyme to work more efficiently

36
Q

What is the role of the small intestine in the digestive system

A

This is where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the blood stream

37
Q

What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system

A

Produces hydrochloric acid which kills any bacteria

38
Q

What is the role of the pancreas and the salivary gland in the digestive system

A

The pancreas and the salivary gland are glands which produce digestive juices containing enzymes

39
Q

What is the main function of the digestive system

A

To digest food and absorb the nutrients

40
Q

What is role of lipases in the digestive system

A

Lipases breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

41
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A group of cells with a similar structure and function

42
Q

What is an organ?

A

A group of tissues working together for a specific function

43
Q

What is an organism ?

A

Work together to form organisms

44
Q

What are 3 main nutrients in food ?

A

Carbohydrates (e.g. starch), protein and lipids (fats)

45
Q

What are main organs that make up digestive system ?

A

The main organs that make up the digestive system (in order of their function) are the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

46
Q

What do digestive enzymes do?

A

Break down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones

47
Q

Where are digestive enzymes made?

A

In glands

48
Q

What are the three digestive enzymes you need to know?

A

Amylase (a Carbohydrase), Protease and Lipase

49
Q

Where is amylase made?

A

The salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

50
Q

Where is protease made?

A

In the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine

51
Q

What does protease do?

A

Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids

52
Q

Where is lipase made?

A

In the pancreas and small intestine

53
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Catalyses the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol

54
Q

What do enzymes do ?

A

Speed up chemical reactions

55
Q

What happens to the active site?

A

It is where the substrate attaches to

56
Q

What is substrate ?

A

Molecule that the enzyme breaks down

Biology Paper 1 (11 decks)

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