Animal specified factors affecting Research EU Modules 10 Flashcards
What can be variable in animal experiments?
sex, strain, age, previous history etc. should be taken into
account in the design of the experiment.
What are the types of genetic variation?
Out bred or in bred mice
What are out bred animals?
random bred to achieve
as large a gene pool as
possible
e.g. wistar rats - cd1.
mice
good breeders
What are inbred animals?
brother sister mating 20
generations
eg balb/c or GM IL10 KO
poor breeders
Animals will broadly react in the same way
What are nu/nu photo mice for?
study of immunology as they are B cell deficient.
What are the 3 forms of inbred mice?
specific attribute has been linked to a genetic factor
GMO’s or genetically modified animals
Normal’ animals’
Why use inbred animals?
When testing population the less the variance in the
population the greater the power of the experiment
What is the approx total blood volume of an animal?
Total blood volume = ~8% of bodyweight
expressed as mls
e.g. species volume harvest sample
3kg rabbit = 240mls
200g rat = 16mls
30g mouse = 2.4mls
harvest 10% in 24 hours
What is the max volume of blood that can be harvested in 24 hours?
10% of total volume, this is not just welfare related. this changes the constituents of your blood, it must first replace the volume with interstitial fluid which dilutes the other components of the blood - this can interrupt blood measurements of e.g. bound or unbound drug in the blood.
What factors should be controlled in animal facilities?
Light on at 8am off at 8pm
Heat Rodents 200C +/- 10
Sound < 60 Db mouse = 1,000-91,000 Hertz Human 64-23,000
What is a germ free animal?
No living bugs in them at all.
what is a gnotobiotic animal?
Given a particular bug so we can study it.
What are the 3 parvo viruses?
MVM - Minute Virus of Mice
RPV - Rowson-Parr virus
Mouse parvovirus type 1 (MPV-1)
Other viruses of Mice
Mouse hepatitis virus
Mouse rotavirus (EDIM)
Parvoviruses
Minute virus of mice, Mouse parvovirus Pneumonia virus of mice
Sendai virus
Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus
Ectromelia virus
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Mouse
adenovirus type 1(FL) Mouse adenovirus type 2(K87)
Mouse cytomegalovirus
Reovirus type
Bacteria, mycoplasma and fungi associated with animal units.
Citrobacter rodentium
Clostridium piliforme (Tyzzer’s disease)
Corynebacterium kutscheri
Mycoplasma spp.
Pasteurellaceae Salmonella spp.
Streptococci b-haemolytic (not group D)
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Helicobacter spp.
Streptobacillus moniliformis :
What are conventional animals?
animals harbouring “normal indigenous, but undefined
organisms
What are SPF animals?
Specific pathogen free (SPF) - free from pathogens, which can
be specified, but otherwise with an undefined microflora
what is a sentinel programme?
This is the normal process by which animals are
cleared for entry into an SPF area. It involves
the exposure of animals which are known to be
SPF to the animals on test for a period of 6
weeks.
If the test animals are infective the clean animals
will become exposed and seroconvert.
The sentinel animals are tested and if they are
clear the new imports are deemed clear and
allowed into the SPF unit.
How long is the gestation period of mice?
21 days
How long is the oestrous cycle of mice?
5 day
when are mice sexually mature?
At 6 weeks of age.
what is the average litter of out bred mice
10-12
what is the average litter size of inbred mice?
3-4 with a 50% mortality rate.
At what age do rodents open their eyes?
approx 10 days old
