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BSAAS > Animal Science (Definition of Terms > Flashcards

Animal Science (Definition of Terms Flashcards

Definition of Terms provided by Sir Alex Miole.

1
Q

Feeds that are low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients, like grains

A

Concentrates

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2
Q

A female parent

A

Dam

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2
Q

Non-lactating

A

Dry

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3
Q

A difficult birth

A

Dystocia

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4
Q

Herbaceous plants used for feedor livestock in the form of grass, green chop, hay, haylage, and baleage

A

Forage

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5
Q

Pregnancy

A

Gestation

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6
Q

Cut and dried to about 15% moisture for use as stored feed (grass, clover, alfafa, etc.)

A

Hay

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7
Q

Cut and dried to about 60% moisture, then chopped fine and preserved in air-tight conditions, either on a silo or an agbag for use as stored feed (grass, clover, alfafa, etc.)

A

Haylage

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8
Q

Milk production

A

Lactation

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9
Q

Giving birth

A

Parturition

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10
Q

An animal without horns

A

Polled

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11
Q

Animals that chew their cud and have a specialized four compartment stomach or digesting plant fiber

A

Ruminant

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12
Q

Diarrhea

A

Scours

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13
Q

A male parent

A

Sire

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14
Q

Time period between administration of a medical treatment and when the treatment has worked its way out of the animal’s system

A

Withdrawal period

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15
Q

Mature female sheep that has given birth

A

Ewe

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16
Q

Shearing wool from around the vulva and udder. Done prior to lambing

A

Crutching

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17
Q

Process of removing a sheep’s tail

A

Docking

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18
Q

An oral veterinary medicine administered by a drenching gun (usually an anthelmintic dewormer)

A

Drench

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19
Q

Walking animals from one place to another

A

Driving / Droving

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20
Q

An ewe that has stopped giving milk for the season

A

Dry ewe

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21
Q

Young female sheep, only had her first lamb

A

Gimmer / yow

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22
Q

A young female sheep lees than 1 year old

A

Ewe lamb

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23
Q

Lambs that are well-developed and have enough fat deposition to be slaughtered for meat

A

Finished lambs

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24
Q

The wool covering of a sheep

A

Fleece

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25
Q

A group of sheep; all the sheep on a property

A

Flock

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26
Q

Providing especially nutritious feed in the few weeks before mating to improve fertility, or in the period before birth to increase lamb birth-weight

A

Flushing

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27
Q

A thick yellow greasy substance in wool, secreted by the sheep’s skin. Also called wool fat, wool wax, wool grease, adeps lanae or yolk.

A

Lanolin

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28
Q

It is where Lanolin is extracted from

A

Raw wool

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29
Q

Any member of the various members of the genus Ovis, including domestic sheep, big horn sheep, mouflon, etc.

A

Ovine

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30
Q

An uncastrated adult male sheep

A

Ram / Tup

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31
Q

Cutting off the fleece, normally done with 48 blows in a set pattern by skilled shearers

A

Shearing

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32
Q

Ovis Aries

A

Sheep

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33
Q

A sheep castrated after about 6 months of age

A

Stag

34
Q

Vasectomized (sterile) ram introduced to the ewe flock to induce estrus

A

Teaser

35
Q

A castrated male sheep

A

Wether

36
Q

An animal that is one year old

A

Yearling

37
Q

Castrated swine before secondary development (or sexual maturity)

A

Barrow

38
Q

Castrated swine after secondary development (or sexual maturity)

A

Stag

39
Q

Matured male swine used for breeding

A

Boar

40
Q

Matured female swine used for breeding

A

Sow

41
Q

Female swine that hasn’t given birth

A

Gilt

42
Q

Newborn swine regardless of sex

A

Piglet

43
Q

Swine around 60kg; weaned swine

A

Shote / Shoat

44
Q

The process of a sow giving birth to piglets

A

Farrowing

45
Q

A pig that is large enough and well-developed enough to be slaughtered for pork

A

Hog

46
Q

All the pigs farrowed at one time by an individual sow (usually 6-15 piglets)

A

Litter

47
Q

Of or relating to pigs

A

Porcine

48
Q

Domesticated swine

A

Sus scrofa domesticus

49
Q

Any of the various members of the family Suidae

A

Swine

50
Q

Cattle of various breeds selected specifically for beef production (e.g. Angus, Charlois, Hereford, Limousine, etc.)

A

Beef cattle

51
Q

Singular of beef cattle (alternatively, bovine or ox)

A

Beef critter

52
Q

Any of the various members of the genus Bos

A

Bovine

53
Q

Uncastrated male calf

A

Bull calf

54
Q

Adult uncastrated cattle

A

Bull

55
Q

Young cattle of either sex

A

Calf

56
Q

The process of a cow giving birth to a calf

A

Calving

57
Q

Bovine animals of any age or sex or breed (only used in plural)

A

Cattle

58
Q

Adult female cattle

A

Cow

59
Q

A cow no longer suitable for breeding, and sold for meat

A

Cull cow

60
Q

Cattle of various breeds selected specifically for milk production (e.g. Holstein, Jersey, Guernsey, Dutch-belted, etc.)

A

Dairy cattle

61
Q

Cattle of a few breeds considered useful in both beef and dairy production (e.g. Dexter Milking Shorthorn, etc.)

A

Dual-purpose breeds

62
Q

Weaned cattle that are being fattened for beef production

A

Feeder cattle or Feeders

63
Q

Cattle that are well-developed and have enough fat deposition to be slaughtered for meat

A

Finished cattle or Finishers, or Fat cattle

64
Q

Female cattle after she has given birth to her first calf, but before her second calf

A

First-calf heifer

65
Q

A male cattle that was castrated late after the development of some or all of the secondary sex characteristics (also less commonly known as a rig)

A

Stag

66
Q

Castrated cattle

A

Steer

67
Q

The air space usually found at the large or blunt end of an egg

A

Air cell

68
Q

The white of an egg

A

Albumen

69
Q

The removal of the tip of the beak of poultry by specially designed equipment to prevent cannibalism and its associated vices

A

Beak trimming

70
Q

A young bird of either sex that is bred and grown specifically for highly efficient meat production; usually killed at 5 to 7 weeks of age; (alternative name - - meat chicken)

A

Broiler

71
Q

The equipment used to provide supplementary warmth during the early stages of the chicken’s life. The energy may come from electricity, gas, oil, or from other sources

A

Brooder

72
Q

The period of the first weeks of a chicken’s life when it requires a very high standard of care including the provision of special diets and supplementary warmth

A

Brooding

73
Q

The term used to describe chickens from day old to the end of brooding

A

Chick

74
Q

The common external opening for the digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts of the fowl

A

Cloaca

75
Q

A male chicken that has finished one season as a breeder; usually refers to older male chicken more than one year old

A

Cock / Rooster

76
Q

A young male chicken from day old to the end of its first year of breeding; often used to refer to young male chicken up to 6 months of age

A

Cockerel

77
Q

The identification and removal of non-productive birds from the flock

A

Cull / culling

78
Q

A system of housing where the birds have a shelter house and access to an outside area during the hours of daylight

A

Free range housing

79
Q

A number of birds of the same origin (genotype), age, and managed in the same way

A

Flock

80
Q

A female chicken more than one year old, and/or have started to lay

A

Hen

81
Q

The process by which fertile eggs are subjected to conditions suitable for the initiation and sustaining of embryonic development and the hatching of strong, healthy chickens

A

Incubation

81
Q

A female in lay

Usually used to refer to females kept solely for egg production for human consumption

A

Layer

82
Q

The social organization of a flock ranging in a ladder position from the most dominant to the most subordinate member of the flock

A

Peck(ing) order

BSAAS (5 decks)

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