Animal Science Flashcards
What characterises parthenogenesis?
An egg develops without being fertilised?
What kind of environmental is best for asexual reproduction?
A stable environment.
What form of reproduction can result from damage to the original animal?
Fragmentation.
Which form of reproduction is useful for animals with little mobility that reproduces sexually?
Hermaphroditism.
Sexual reproduction results in genetically unique individuals - true or false?
True.
Which term applies to egg development within the female with nourishment derived from a yolk?
Ovoviviparity.
Choose a species of animal. Indicate why this is an animal and not a plant?
Animal:
Heterotrophic
Multicellular
No cell walls
Sexual reproduction
Embryonic development
Structural proteins holding bodies together
Unique tissues (muscles and nerves for locomotion)
Hox genes that regulate development of body form
Provide a description of this animal (size, general exterior appearance). Is your animal an ectotherm or endotherm? Is your animal terrestrial, amphibious or aquatic? What does your animal feed on?
Answer
If your animal is terrestrial (or amphibious), describe the adaptations that your animal has for terrestrial existence and note how these adaptations differ from animals that live entirely in an aqueous environment.
Answer
a) competition, b) predation, c) mutualism.
Explain its importance in the structuring of natural ecosystems and provide one example to
illustrate your argument.
a)
b)
c)
Transport processes are important drivers of ecosystem function. Provide an example of a
situation where human intervention has disrupted the transport of material within or between
ecosystems, explaining the mechanisms involved.
Answer
Define diploblastic and triploblastic.
Diploblastic is when animals have two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm.
Triploblastic is when animals have three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Describe ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.
Ectoderm - outer layer: outer covering of animal, also central nervous system.
Endoderm: lines the developing digestive tract (archenteron) and also gives rise to associated organs (liver, pancreas), also lining of lungs.
Mesoderm - forms muscles and most of the specialised organs that fit between the endo- and ectoderm.
Why is the evolution of tissues important?
Allows specialisation of functions.
Allows localisation of functions.
Allows greater complexity.
Define symmetry: radial versus bilateral
Radial symmetry: the parts of a radial animal, such as a sea anemone, radiate from the centre. Any imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images.
Bilateral symmetry: a bilateral animal (such as a lobster), has a left side and a ride side. Only one imaginary cut divides the animal into mirror-image halves.
