Animal Responses

Question 1

PNS

Answer 1

somatic

autonomic -> sympathetic & parasympathetic

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

largest part, vision, thinking, learning and hearing

Question 3

Hypothalamus

Answer 3

body temperature, hormones to pituitary gland

Question 4

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 4

base of brain, heart rate and breathing rate

Question 5

Cerebellum

Answer 5

folded cortex, muscle coordination, posture, balance

Question 6

Pituitary Gland

Answer 6

releases hormones and stimulates glands

Question 7

Reflex action examples

Answer 7

blinking reflex - optical and corneal (cranial)

knee jerk reaction (spinal)

Question 8

High blood pressure

Answer 8

baroreceptors, sensory neurones, cardiovascular centre, parasympathetic, ACh, SAN

Question 9

High O2/Low CO2

Answer 9

chemoreceptors, sensory neurones, cardiovascular centre, parasympathetic, AACh, SAN

Question 10

Skeletal Muscle

Answer 10

myofibrils, sarcomeres, actin and myosin, antagonistic pairs, contracts quickly and powerfully, multinucleate

Question 11

Smooth Muscle

Answer 11

spindle shaped cells, uninucleate, walls of tubular structure, longitudinal and circular

Question 12

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 12

cross bridges - even electrical stimulation, squeezing

intercalated discs - ions diffuse across gap junctions

Question 13

NMJ

Answer 13

AP arrive, ACh released and bind to receptors, Na+ depolarises sarcolemma and T - Tubule, Ca2+ released from SR, muscle contraction

Question 14

Sliding Filament Theory

Answer 14

Ca2+ binds to troponin, changes shape
Tropomyosin moves, binding site exposed
myosin heads bind to actin site
ATP used (power stroke)
new ATP attaches & myosin head detaches (recovery stroke)

Question 15

ATP Supply

Answer 15

Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
Creatine phosphate stores in sarcoplasm