Animal Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Boyle’s law?

A
  • pressure of gas varies inversely with volume
    • (as P up V down, or P1V1 = P2V2)
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2
Q

How do inhalation and exhalation work?

A

Inhalation

  • the diaphragm contracts (moves downwards), which expands the chest cavity. Because volume increases, pressure decreases and air rushes in to fill the space
    • shallow breathing fills only the tops of the lungs; deep breathing fills them fully

Exhalation

  • the diaphragm releases (moves back upwards), decreasing the chest cavity and the volume, which raises pressure and pushes air out
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3
Q

Characteristics of alveoli (traits that help w diffusion)

A
  • Spherical shape = large surface area
  • capillary bed surrounds the alveoli so gasses don’t have to diffuse far
  • the lining of an alveolus is one cell thick, making diffusion incredibly easy (remember that capillaries are also one cell thick)
  • the moist lining of the alveoli makes diffusion easier as well
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4
Q

gas exchange process

A
  • air moves in and out of an alveolus
  • blood low in oxygen and high in CO2 moves through the capillary bed
  • when this blood meets an alveolus, oxygen diffuses into the blood through the alveolus and CO2 into the alveolus
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5
Q

What are the 4 important structural features in a mammalian respiratory system?

A
  • a thin permeable respiratory membrane through which diffusion can occur
  • a large surface area for gas exchange
  • a good supply of blood
  • a breathing system for bringing oxygen-rich air to the respiratory membrane
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