Animal Production (Reproduction) Flashcards
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction, and what are some of the advantages of each?
What is gametogenesis, and what cellular events are involved?
In what different ways can fertilization occur? What are some of the limitations and/or consequences of each?
What is sperm competition, and what are some ways it can occur?
What are the three different development strategies we discussed in lecture, and what are some of the pros and cons of each?
For both males and females, know primary and secondary sexual characters and the hormones responsible for the secondary differences.
Know the general hormonal pathways controlling gametogenesis and the release of sex hormones (you do not need to know gonadotropin releasing hormone by name, and you can know follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinzing hormone by their initials, FSH and LH)
For males, understand the processes of basic events involved in erection, the generation of semen, and ejaculation
The general pattern of change in hormone levels:
Estrogen levels are high during the late follicular phase and most of the luteal phase, dropping to low levels at the end of the menstrual cycle
Luteinizing hormone levels are relatively low during most of the cycle but spike at ovulation
Progesterone levels are high during the luteal phase, then drop to low levels at the end of the menstrual cycle and stay low through the next follicular phase.
Events in the uterus
The endometrium proliferates and begins secreting nutrients in repsonse to high estrogen and progesterone levels, then dies back when levels of these hormones drop (if implantation does not occur).
When is fertilization possible, where does it occur, and when does implantation occur?
Why are high progesterone and estrogen levels important during pregnancy, and how are they maintained both early and late in pregnancy?
What does the placenta do?
What happens during parturition?
