Animal Physiology Flashcards
Activation of a complement
When antibodies bound to the surface of a pathogen and activate a complement and cascade which leads to the formation of a ‘membrane attack complex’ this allows for water and ions to enter which causes the cell to lyse
Opsonisation
To make a pathogen more recognisable for phagocytes so they can eat them
Neutralisation
Antibodies preventing viruses from docking to host cells so they can’t go in
Neutralisation of toxins
Antibodies binding to toxins to produce pathogens and preventing them from getting other cells infected
Agglutination
Antibodies stick pathogens in a glob so they don’t go in cells
Antigen
A foreign molecule that can trigger an immune response
Vaccines
Contain antigens that trigger immunity but don’t cause the disease
Epidemiology
study of distribution, patterns and causes of disease in a population
Histamine
Organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune response
Effects of histamines
Causes allergic reaction
Hybridoma cell
Fusion of a tumour cell with an antibody producing plasma cell
Monoclonal antibodies
Purified antibodies that are produced by a clone of cells and derive from a single cell
Exoskeletons
External skeleton surrounding and protecting body surface of animals like crabs and cicadas
Joint
Where bones meet
Articulation
When joints allow bones to move in relation to each other
