Animal Phyla - Origins of - Lecture 2

Question 1

Which time periods are in the Palaeozoic time period?

Answer 1

Cambrian (540 mya) Ordovician (490 mya) Silurian (445 mya) Devonian (415 mya) Carboniferous (360 mya) Permian (300 mya)

Question 2

Name two types of prokaryotes

Answer 2

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 3

How did eukaryotes emerge from prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Endosymbiosis

Question 4

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 4

A type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the other, the two typically behaving as a single organism. It is believed to be the means by which such organelles as mitochondria and chloroplasts arose within eukaryotic cells

Question 5

What are some of the main differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

Answer 5

Prokaryotes have no nucleus, Eukaryotes do. Eukaryotes can be both single celled or multicellular, Prokaryotes can only be single celled. Eukaryotes can reprouduce both sexually or assexually, Prokaryotes only asexually. Prokaryotes have few organelles, eukaryotes have various. All bacteria and archaea are Prokaryotes, all plants, fungi animals and other single celled organisms are eukaryotes.

Question 6

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 6

Archaea, Bacteria and Eukaryoto

Question 7

Name 4 types of Eukaryota

Answer 7

Protista (Single-celled) Fungi, Plants and animals (multi-cellular)

Question 8

Order the following by complexity; cnidarians, bilaterians, sponges

Answer 8

Increasing complexity > sponges, cnidarians, bilaterians

Question 9

What kind of symmetry does cnidaria have?

Answer 9

Radial

Question 10

What are the three layers of the bilaterians triploblastic germ layers called?

Answer 10

Endoderm, ectoderm and Mesoderm

Question 11

What are the main subdivisions of Bilateria?

Answer 11

Protosomia and Deuterosomia

Question 12

When were the earliest known eukaryotes dated?

Answer 12

Microfossils - 1.65 Ga Biomarkers - 2.3 Ga