Animal Phyla Flashcards
outgroup of animal phylogeny
Choanoflagellates
collagen
endoderm and ectoderm
blastula, gastrula, gastrulation, blastopore, archenteron
Metazoan
choanocytes (engulf bacteria and other food particles by phagocytosis), spicules (structural support), mesohyl (gelatinous matrix), amoebocytes (take up food, digest and distribute it to other cells), hermaphroditic, totipotent cells (flexibility), 5500 sp., sponges, marine, sessile, filter feeders, no true tissues (metazoans)
Porifera
two true tissues derived from endoderm and ectoderm
radial symmetry
Eumetazoa
cnidocytes (cells with organelles that can explode outward), nematocycts (have stinging thread), mesoglea (jelly-like substance b/t endo- and ectoderm), body plan=’persistent gastrula,’ (dipoblastic), polyp (adhere to substrate by opposite end of the mouth), medusa (flattened, mouth-down version of polyp), GVC (digestion and distribution of nutrients), tidal flow, 10k sp.; corals, jellyfish, sea anemone, hydras; sessile and mobile, marine predators (eumetazoans)
Cnidaria
tripoblastic, mesoderm, bilateral symmetry, cephalization, alimentary canal
Bilateria
deuterostome development
Deuterostomia
bilateral symmetry, secondary pentamerous radial symmetry, exoskeleton, water vascular system, 7k sp., sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, deuterostomes, coelomates, marine, sessile, predators
Echinodermata
notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal slits, 60k sp., deuterostomes, coelomates, lancelets and tunicates, marine, sessile, suspension feeders
Chordata
molecular homologies
Lophotrochozoa
pharynx, gastrovascular cavity (GVC) distribution of food and respiration, dorsoventrally-flattened, protonephridia (tubules with ciliated structures that pull fluid through ducts to outside), tapeworms, scolex (suckers and hooks at anterior end), proglottids (long ribbon of sacs of sex organs), flatworms, acoelomates, 20k sp., protostome, parasites, mobile, marine, fresh water, and damp terrestrial habitats
Platyhelminthes
alimentary canal, corona (generate water current), mastax (chewing pharynx), trophi (jaws that grind up food), parthenogenesis (unusual mode of reproduction whereby female offspring are produced from unfertilized eggs), 1800 sp., pseudocoelomates, protostome, freshwater, marine, damp soil, mobile filter feeders
Rotifera
calcareous shell, gills, foot (used for movement), visceral mass (contains internal organs), mantle (secretes a shell, tissue that covers visceral mass), radula (used for scraping/cutting food), open circulatory system, hemocoel, bivalve (clams, oysters, scallops-suspension feeders), cephalopod (squid, octopus, cuddlefish-predators), 100k sp, coelomates, protostome, fresh water and terrestrial, sessile and mobile
Mollusca
segmentation, setae (chitinous bristles aid in locomotion), ventral nerve cord (part of nervous system), closed circulatory system, hemoglobin, metanephridia (expel waste), cuticle, hydrostatic skeleton, alimentary canal with regional specialization (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, anus), leeches and earthworms, mobile parasites, marine and freshwater, protostome, coelomates, 16,500 sp.
Annelida
ecdysis, cuticle, exoskeleton (protection, support, muscle attachment)
Ecdysozoa
