Animal Nutrition

Question 1

Why are carbs needed in the body

Answer 1

For respiration.

Question 2

Too much carbs can lead to…

Answer 2

Body storing too many carbs can lead to obesity and tooth decay

Question 3

Why are lipids (fats) needed in the body

Answer 3

Used to make cell membranes, insulation, protection of organs and as a store of energy.

Sources (meat, butter, cheese, oily fish)

Question 4

Why are proteins needed in the body

Answer 4

Growth and repair of tissues

Source (meat, eggs, fish, beans, nuts)

Question 5

Why are vitamins needed in the body (limited to C and D)

Answer 5

Vitamin c: makes connective tissues by sticking cell together
Source(fruits and vegetables)
- Not enough vitamin c can cause scurvy

Vitamin d: helps bones absorb calcium

Question 6

why are mineral salts needed in body (limited to calcium and iron)

Answer 6

Calcium: used for making teeth and bones
- Not enough calcium can cause bone growth to be stunt and a disease called rickets

Iron: used to make haemoglobin in red blood cells (to carry oxygen)
Source (red meet, liver, eggs, spinach)
- lack of iron = Anemia

Question 7

Why is water needed in the body

Answer 7

Maintains osmosis correctly in cells

Provides solvent for enzymes and food molecules

Important component of blood plasma

Question 8

Why is fibre needed in the body (roughage)

Answer 8

Important for maintaining digestive transit. Needed for gut health. Transporting food from mouth to anus

Source: fruit and vegetables (made from cellulose from plant cell walls)
- Too much = Diarrhea
- Too little = constipation

Question 9

Factors that affect nutritional needs

Answer 9

• Age: as you get older your calorie needs change based on your activity level
• Gender: Females tend to need fewer calories but more of some nutrients than males
• Activity level: the more active you are, the more calories you need

Question 10

Explain how the dietary needs of humans change during pregnancy and whilst breastfeeding.

Answer 10

Pregnancy - more protein, calcium, vitamin D and iron for developing baby

Breastfeeding - plenty of water, ingest enough amounts of calcium, proteins, fats and vitamin d.

Question 11

effects of malnutrition

Answer 11

• Starvation
• Obesity and Chronic heart disease
• Scurvy
• Constipation

+ Lack of vitamins, irons, calcium, proteins etc

Question 12

Obesity (too much fats)

Answer 12

They may have diets high in sugar and saturated fat which provides more than enough energy.
Fat is deposited under the skin and around internal organs.

Question 13

CHD (too much fats)

Answer 13

CHD is a narrowing of the small vessels which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.

It is usually caused by a condition called atherosclerosis where fatty deposits build up on the walls of the arteries.

Question 14

Constipation

Answer 14

Constipation is a condition of the digestive system where the person has hard faeces that are difficult to eliminate; it may be extremely painful. Causes may be dietary, hormonal, side-effects of drugs and anatomical.

• Fibre is a component which is often reduced in the diets of people in developed countries. Raw vegetables and fruits are good sources of fibres.
• Consumption of adequate amount of water also helps to prevent constipation.

Question 15

Marasmus (lack of energy)

Answer 15

severe manifestation of protein-energy malnutrition. It occurs as a result of total calorie insufficiency.

low bmi

Question 16

Kwashiorkor

Answer 16

caused by a lack of protein in the diet, most common in children under 2. Often caused by poverty as high protein foods tend to be more expensive and scarcer.