Animal Nutrition 1

Question 1

List the different type of teeth

Answer 1

Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars

Question 2

What is the function of these teeth

Answer 2

incisors:teeth that function biting off pieces of food

canines: assist incisors in tearing off food

premolars, that do some grinding,

molars: grinding and crushing chewing

Question 3

What is the dental formula

Answer 3

2.1.2.3

Question 4

What are carnassial teeth

Answer 4

The last premolar and the first molar

Question 5

What is diastema

Answer 5

The gap between teeth

Question 6

What is the digestive system made up of

Answer 6

The digestive system is made up of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

Question 7

What is the alimentary canal made up of

And what are the other organs made up of

Answer 7

The alimentary canal is made up of the
mouth,
pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach,
small intestines,
and large intestines.

Accessory organs are organs that aid in the limentary canal to perform its digestive function. These include the tongue, teeth, alivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder.

Question 8

Describe the mouth cavity

Answer 8

The mouth cavity consists of two lips in the front, a tongue, and teeth as the floor of the mouth and teeth and palate as the roof of the mouth. The mouth is made up of stratified epithelium connective tissue that also has salivary glands that produce saliva.

Mechanical digestion physical break down of food.
(Teeth | tongue)
Chemical digestion
hydrolysis -enzymes + H2O

Question 9

Describe the tongue

Answer 9

-Tastebuds
Moves food between teeth for mastication, and mixes food with saliva
-rolls food into bolus
- helps in swallowing

Question 10

Describe salivary glands

Answer 10

The salivary glands produce saliva are found in the muscles around the mouth.

Salivary glands are referred to as exocrine glands since it transports secretions by means, ducts.

Salivary amylase or carbohydrase are released from the salivary glands to hydrolyse carbohydrates during chemical digestion(only carbs broken down ).(starch into maltose )

They secret mucus to moisten food

Question 11

Describe the pharynx

Answer 11

The area at the back of the mouth cavity that creates a passage into oesophagus and trachea . The opening to the trachea is closed during swallowing by a leaf shaped cartilage called the epiglottis. This prevents a person from choking on food.

Question 12

Describe the oesophagus

Answer 12

The esophagus is a narrow muscular tube that links the pharynx to the stomach. It lies immediately behind the trachea. The esophagus forces the bolus down into the stomach, by a muscular wave-like motion called peristalsis(muscular contraction). Goblet cells in its wall secrete mucus, which serves to lubricate the walls for the smooth passage of the bolus.

Question 13

Describe the stomach

Answer 13

The stomach is a bag-like organ in the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm.

It is divided into three sections: the fundus, corpus and pylorus
The inner surface of the stomach is composed of many muscular folds called rugae, which become fewer as the stomach distends.

The cardiac sphincter prevent food from pushing from the stomach back into the esophagus.

When food leave the stomach, it enters the duodenum (small intestine), and a pyloric sphincter prevents food from pushing back into he stomach.

The stomach secretes gastric juice from gastric gland which contains enzymes and hydrochloric acid (HCL)
The muscular action of the stomach mixes the food with saliva and gastric juice, forming a watery mixture called chyme.

Pepsin- proteins = peptones
Renin- curdles milk

Question 14

Describe the liver

Answer 14

The liver is a large organ lying just below the diaphragm partially covered by the stomach. The liver consists of two lobes which has two ducts known as the hepatic and cystic duct. The hepatic duct arises from the liver cells and the cystic duct arise from the gall bladder.

Main functions of the liver are

-makes and secrets bile(bitter guilt which emulsifies fats) (breaks down fats into tiny droplets and contains bicarbonate ions with create a basic medium in duodenum )

-stores vitamins

-stores minerals

-converts excess glucose into glycogen and fat

-breaks down (deaminate)excess amino acid into urea /uric acid

-detoxifies blood

Question 15

Describe the gall bladder

Answer 15

The gall bladder secretes a yellow green alkaline liquid that has no enzymes that is responsible for the emulsification of fat.

Emulsification of fat refers to the break-up of fats into droplets to increase the enzyme action of lipase to digest lipids.

Question 16

Describe the Pancras

Answer 16

The pancreas is a large gland which lies in the loop of the duodenum that secretes pancreatic juice from the islets of Langerhans.

These specialized cells secrete the hormone insulin and glucagon responsible for controlling the blood sugar level.

Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that helps in the digestion of lipids.

Trypsin- proteins -peptones
Analyse - starch to maltose
Lipase - fats - fatty acids and glycerol

Question 17

Describe th large intestine

Answer 17

Large intesume
The large intestine extends from the ileum to the anus.
It is attached to the abdominal wall. It consists of the caecum, colon, rectum and anus.
The colon contains bacteria which break down undigested carbohydrates.

absorption of minerals salts and H2O