Animal hygiene deck III Flashcards
The average noise intensity recommended for the animals is
≤ 70 dB/24 h.
Regulations of the Minister of Agriculture:
Cattle, goats, lambs, and poultry are not allowed to be kept in an animal facility,
where the noise level persistently exceeds
65 dB;
Regulations of the Minister of Agriculture:
pigs are not allowed to be kept in an animal facility,
where the noise level persistently exceeds
85 dB.
In poultry and pig husbandry sudden noises have to be avoided.
What percentage of idle, standing cows after feeding may indicate disturbed welfare
Cows: if 10–15% of the animals still stand 2 hours after feeding, it may indicate disturbed welfare.
The number of microbes in organic bedding is on average?
The number of microbes in organic bedding is on average 106 CFU/g.
Keeping animals without bedding…
violates basic animal welfare principles.
Klebsiella spp. bacterial count is highest in what type of bedding material
Wood–based bedding material
British research showed that E. coli bacterial count depends on the
type of the bedding material used → bacterial count was highest in? (3)
and lowest in? (2)
bacterial count was highest when bark, sawdust and peat were used for bedding;
and lowest when washed sand and shredded paper were used.
What material can be added to beddings to decrease bacterial contamination?
Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is used to decrease bacterial contamination of the bedding as it raises pH level and lowers humidity necessary for bacterial growth.
It lowers gram–negative bacteria, Klebsiella spp., and streptococci counts
in the bedding.
Manure is
a mixture of solid and liquid faeces and, according to housing system, also of bedding, feed residues and water.
liquid manure DM %
≤ 8%
semi liquid (solid) manure DM %
8…20%
solid manure DM %
≥ 20%
deep litter (farmyard) manure DM %
≥ 25%
Name 4 Manure processing techniques
Anaerobic fermentation
Aerobic fermentation
Acidification
Separation
good absorbency for peat means it can absorb up to ?% volume of water
absorbs 600–1000 volume % of water;
peat also binds what in addition to water
binds well barn gases, especially NH3 (2–3 times better than other bedding materials)
ammonia binding capacity is due to acidity.
most Chopped winter crop straw is contaminated with
most contaminated with Streptococcus spp. bacteria and often contaminated with mould and/ or mycotoxins.
The best option for deep littering.
Chopped winter crop straw
what bedding type comes with a high bacterial contamination: risk factor for E. coli and Klebsiella mastitis; and for horses → frog thrush
sawdust
From an animal welfare perspective, whata bedding is the best bedding material
From an animal welfare perspective, sand is the best bedding material (layer 20–30 cm).
name the 2 best and most practical combinations of different types of
bedding
winter crop straw + peat;
winter crop straw + sawdust.
In housed animals the provision of sufficient space is an important
feature of house design. Space requirements include:
resting space (m2)
socialising space (m2)
air space (m3)
feeding space (m)
In sheep the presence of a full fleece increases the space required by
15–20%.
Ewes with lambs have at least a 30% extra requirement depending on numbers of lambs.
Resting space (m2) for a number of species has been defined as
.
0.027xWeight^0.67
Global demand for meat has increased
40% in the last 15 years due to people adopting protein rich diets.
Current research in animal welfare is oriented towards
defining indicators of welfare and improvements in technology and
management practices.
(PLF)
Precision Livestock Farming
what is Precision Livestock Farming
Precision livestock farming is a set of electronic tools and methods for managing livestock. It involves automated monitoring of animals to improve their production/reproduction, health, welfare, and impact on the environment.
