Animal Health Surveillance Flashcards
Who knows the status of each animal in the herd/flock?
- stockperson observation
- Herd Production data
- Recorded administration of treatments
What is the spectrum that the health of an animal at any point in time lies on?
healthy- dead
What is the purpose of surveillance?
to quickly identify and remove suspected infected animals in order to protect the population
What is the service that disposes of animals that die on the farm?
the fallen stock service
What are the three Tb risk areas?
High, Low, Edge
Who funds the scanning surveillance of farm animals?
It is mainly funded by DEFRA and devolved governments
What is the presentation of bleeding calf syndrome?
blood ‘sweating’
but overall unusual clinical signs
What does bleeding calf syndrome lead to in bone marrow?
Bovine Neonatal Pancytopaenia
What is the summary of BNP (bleeding calf syndrome)
- Sporadic cases but they are widely distributed
- High case fatality rate
- Dam vaccinations, can enter calves either via colostrum or suckling
What is risk-based surveillance?
A surveillance programme in the design of which exposure and risk assessment methods have been applied together with traditional design approaches in order to assure appropriate and cost-effective data collection
What is the aim of syndromic surveillance?
aims to detect aberrations in animal health related data that may indicate change in the incidence of an emergic disease or the early detection of a new or re-emerging disease
What are three pieces of data that may inform syndromic surveillance?
- Production data, e.g milk yield
- Clinical data (e.g lab reports)
- Lab data
What is surveillance system sensitivity defined as?
the proprtion of positive cases that are detected
What is the consequence of a false-positive test?
- Over-estimation of the prevalence
- Culling of healthy animals
- Mis-classify the flock
What is the consequence of a false negative test?
- Under-estimation of the prevalence
- miss-classify the flock
- miss positive animals so they may transmit the disease
What is sentinel surveillance?
evidence of disease in one population indicates an increased risk for another population
What must you do if you suspect a notifiable disease in the United Kingdom?
Contact APHA (DEFRA) as soon as possible
What is the ordering of surveillance?
- Stockperson observation
- Herd production data
- Treatment
- Veterinary advice
- Veterinary lab diagnosis
- Laboratory
- Abattoir/ Fallen stock
- Movement records/ routine data
When was bleeding calf syndrome first detected?
First detected in GB in April 2009
What is syndromic surveillance?
Syndromic surveillance is a public health monitoring system that involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of real-time or near-real-time health-related data to detect and respond to potential outbreaks or unusual health events
What is the definition of coverage?
The proportion of the population of interest that is included in the surveillance system
Name 3 notifiable cattle diseases
- BVD
- Bovine tuberculosis
- Lumpy skin disease
- trichomonosis
Name 3 notifiable Sheep/Goat diseases
- Salmonelliosis
- Scrapie
- Sheep pox
- aglactia
Name 3 notifiable equids diseases
- Dourine
- Glanders
- Equine influenza
Name 3 notifiable swine diseases
- African swine fever
- Classical swine fever
- Nipah virus encephalitis
Name 3 notifiable avian diseases
- Avian chlamydiosis
- Avian infectious bronchitis
- Avian influenza
- Pullorum disease
Name notifiable diseases for rabbits
- Myxamatosis
- Rabbit haemorrhagic disease
Why may you evaluate the efficacy of a surveillance system?
- For a defined purpose
- For a defined hazard
- Within a defined population
- against key attributes e.g
organisational
functional
performance
economic
