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Animal Husbandry > Animal Health > Flashcards

Animal Health Flashcards

1
Q

key features of animal health?

A 
feeding
exercising 
grooming 
foot care
dental hygiene
vaccination
parasite control
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2
Q

ideal way to assess a patient?

A

systematically - head to tail

if you focus on obvious you may miss subtle and true cause of problem

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3
Q

what to look for when assessing a patient?

A 
behaviour 
weight
TPR
CRT
MM
GS
DUDE
BAR
QAR
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4
Q

TPR?

A

temperature
pulse
respiration

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5
Q

CRT?

A

capillary refill time

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6
Q

MM?

A

mucous membrane

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7
Q

GS?

A

gut sounds

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8
Q

DUDE?

A

defecating
urinating
drinking
eating

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9
Q

BAR?

A

bright alert response

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10
Q

QAR?

A

quiet alert response

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11
Q

key features when taking pulse?

A

regularity
rate
strength

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12
Q

hypothermia signs?

A 
collapse
shivering 
poor perfusion (circulation)
reduced CRT
Pale MM
Bradycardia
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13
Q

hyperthermia signs?

A 
collapse
panting
vomiting 
brick red MM
increased CRT
sweating feet 
tachycardic
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14
Q

ways to feed?

A

bowel or scatter
consider owner preference
changes to diet need to be gradual

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15
Q

what to consider when feeding?

A 
illness/condition 
allergies 
if NBM
age
species 
owner preference 
frequency
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16
Q

maintaining good hygeine during feeding?

A

all bowels must be cleaned after each use
kept with the same patient
no communal bowels

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17
Q

signs of dental issues?

A 
discolouration 
smell 
inflammation/redness
refuse to eat 
over chewing 
not playing with mouth
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18
Q

dental care options?

A

home care - dental diet/brushing
veterinary care - dental procedure

prevention better than treatment

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19
Q

effect of dog facial shape on dental hygiene?

A

dolio and meso less likely to have issues

brachy cause teeth to be squashed into smaller space so more likely

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20
Q

dental issues?

A

gingivitis

  • inflammation of gums
  • reversible
  • removal of plaque will help - chew toys and food

periodontitis

  • from untreated gingivitis - severe gum infection
  • irreversible and will cause teeth loss
  • managed with good dental care - vet dental recommended
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21
Q

the principles of dental hygiene?

A

(the role of VNs)

educate and promote:

  • brushing (enzyme toothpaste)
  • commercial diet
  • dental chews
  • vet descale (if necessary)
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22
Q

what is rasping?

A

horses, rabbits and other rodents have teeth that continuously erupt
so require checking and rasping/cutting at different intervals

will do on their own if the correct diet

  • fibrous diet best
  • pellets best for rabbits
  • lots of hay
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23
Q

canine vaccinations?

A 
leptospirosis 
hepatitis 
distemper 
parvovirus 
parainfluenza 
bordetella
rabies
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24
Q

canine vaccination frequency?

A
  1. 6/8 weeks
  2. 12 weeks
  3. 16 weeks
  4. yearly
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25
Q

feline vaccinations?

A

influenza (herpes virus and calicivirus)
leukemia virus
infectious enteritis
rabies

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26
Q

feline vaccination frequency?

A
  1. 8/9 weeks
  2. 12 weeks
  3. yearly
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27
Q

equine vaccinations?

A

herpes virus
influenza
tetanus

28
Q

equine vaccination frequency?

A

herpes has no routine

  1. 5 months
  2. 21-92 days after
  3. 150-215 days after
  4. flu yearly, tetanus every 2 years
29
Q

rabbit vaccinations?

A

myxomatosis

viral haemorrhagic disease (VHD)/rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD)

30
Q

rabbit vaccine frequency?

A
  1. 5 weeks old

2. yearly

31
Q

grooming cats/dogs?

A

depending on length and type
also on age

eg wired hair requires daily brushing and bathing monthly
eg curly hair requires frequent cutting and moistoirising

32
Q

reasons for grooming?

A

long hair can hide wounds, lumps or tics

mats pull on the skin

bonding experience

33
Q

grooming birds?

A 
often do themselves so don't need us 
overplucking is a sign of stress
- environment 
- nutrition 
- social structure
34
Q

grooming small mammals?

A

frequency depends on type, length, time of year and age of the individual

important for health - eg flystrike is common with long fur

habituation and bonding

35
Q

grooming equines?

A

done daily

hair length varies per individual, age and time of year

36
Q

reasons to groom equines?

A

rough hair traps grease
infestation burdens

habituation and bonding

37
Q

clipping nails?

A

can be done without assistance walking on hard surfaces

but if need to:

  • avoid cutting kwik - bleed
  • kwik grows with the length of the nail
  • overtime will retreat as the nail is cut shorter
38
Q

equine hoof care?

A

hoof picking is done daily (particularly in stables)
use deep littered bedding
trim every 4-6 weeks to avoid overgrowth

39
Q

canine, feline and equine exercise and mobility?

A

frequent walks, release and turning outside
provide enrichment when inside
if changes to demeanour change could be due to:
- ill health eg. lameness
- age
- diet

if horses become recumbent they won’t survive

  • need to keep turning so less pressure on organs
  • go to vets
40
Q

bird exercise and mobility?

A

cage size allows flap wings

clip wings to prevent escape

racing birds - distance depends on age and race type

birds of prey - daily exercise and hunting behaviours

41
Q

wing injury?

A

common in young birds

shown through abnormal flight (circling)

hospitalisation
repair
immobilisation
rehabilitation

42
Q

small mammals exercise and mobility?

A

rats - need time out of the enclosure
hamsters - lots of exercise needed (external environment and/or correct sized wheel)
gerbils - exercise by maintaining environment
guinea pigs - housed in areas big enough to exercise
rabbits - daily exercise necessary (inside or outside)

43
Q

what percentage of dogs are overweight?

A

65

44
Q

what percentage of cats are overweight?

A

39

45
Q

what percentage of rabbits are overweight?

A

40

46
Q

sign pet is obese?

A

can’t feel ribs without pressure

fat pads around the spine and around eye sockets/head

lost abdomen toning

47
Q

obesity factors?

A 
exercise 
accomodation
diet 
age
health 
pregnancy
48
Q

effects of obesity?

A

increased risk of cancer, heart disease and osteoarthritis
surgery becomes difficult
hard to exercise - can cause damage

49
Q

why is pet obesity so common?

A

not working animals
just family pets
so often overfed

50
Q

preventing pet obesity?

A

educate owners - scare technique

food puzzles

diet clinics

weigh food needed for the day and once gone its gone

51
Q

body scoring - cats

level 1

A

emaciated

ribs visible
no palpated fat
severe abdominal tuck
lumbar vertebrae and wings of ilia easily palpated

52
Q

body scoring - cats

level 2

A

underweight

ribs easily palpatable with minimal fat
lumbar vertebrae obvious
obvious waist
minimal abdominal fat

53
Q

body scoring - cats

level 3

A

ideal

well-proportioned
slight waist
ribs palpated with slight fat covering
abdominal fat minimal

54
Q

body scoring - cats

level 4

A

overweight

ribs not easily palpated with moderate fat covering
waist poorly seen
obvious rounding of abdomen
moderate abdominal fat

55
Q

body scoring - cats

level 5

A

obese

ribs not palpated under heavy fat cover
heavy fat deposits over lumbar area, face and limbs
no waist
extensive abdominal fat deposits

56
Q

body scoring - dogs

level 1

A

emaciated

ribs, lumbar vertebrae and pelvis visible from a distance
no body fat
obvious loss of body muscle

57
Q

body scoring - dogs

level 2

A

underweighted

ribs easily palpated and may be visible with minimal fat
top of lumbar vertebrae visible
pelvic bones prominent
obvious waist and abdominal tuck

58
Q

body scoring - dogs

level 3

A

ideal

ribs palpated without excess fat covering
waist seen when viewed from above
abdominal tuck seen from side

59
Q

body scoring - dogs

level 4

A

overweight

ribs palpated with difficulty
heavy fat cover 
noticeable fat deposits over lumbar area and base of tail 
waist barely visible 
abdominal tuck may be visible
60
Q

body scoring - dogs

level 5

A

obese

massive fat deposits over thorax, spine and base of tail
waist and abdominal tuck absent
fat deposits on neck and limbs
obvious abdominal enlargment

61
Q

body scoring - rabbits

level 1

A

emaciated

hip bones, ribs and spine very sharp
loss of muscle and no fat cover
rump curves in

62
Q

body scoring - rabbits

level 2

A

underweight

hip bones, ribs and spine easily felt
loss of muscle and little fat cover
rump is flat

63
Q

body scoring - rabbits

level 3

A

ideal

hip bones, ribs and spine easily felt but are rounded
no abdominal bulge
rump is flat

64
Q

body scoring - rabbits

level 4

A

overweight

pressure needed to palpate ribs, spine and pelvis
common fat layers
rump is rounded

65
Q

body scoring - rabbits

level 5

A

very hard to palpate spine and pelvis
ribs not palatable
tummy sags with fat padding
rump bulges out

Animal Husbandry (6 decks)

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