Animal Ethics and Use in Research Flashcards

1
Q

What are animal ethics?

A

The moral principles that govern how we treat animals that are experimented on.

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2
Q

What is morality?

A

What is considered right and acceptable treatment of animals in research.

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3
Q

Why would someone be in favour of animal experiments and why would someone be against?

A

In favour if:

  • pain and suffering kept to a minimum
  • Human benefits are gained that cannot be obtained using non animal methods

Against:

  • Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable
  • Any benefits that animal testing has provided could have been produced using non animal methods
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4
Q

What are the 5 main moral theories?

A
Contractarianism
Utilitarianism
The relationship view
The animal rights point of view
The respect nature point of view
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5
Q

What is contractarianism?

A
  • A type of moral theory that employs the idea of contracts between individuals to govern their interactions.
  • Each of us have our own interests that we are entitled to pursue, however we can benefit from the help of others.
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6
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A
  • Actions are right if they are useful or beneficial to the majority
  • Animals deserve moral considerations, in our dealing with animals we must consider the welfare consequences as well as the potential benefits to humans/animals.
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7
Q

What is the relational view?

A
  • Highlights the importance of our relationships to animals and is based upon considering animals in a sort of hierarchical order.
  • Have special duties to domestic animals because they are in our care
  • Considers how out treatment of animals might affect our treatment of humans.
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8
Q

What is the Animal rights view?

A
  • Directly opposes the concept of animal use, puts clear and definitive limits on our treatment of animals (abolitionist position).
  • Animals should have the same considerations as human beings, the right not to suffer or be killed for human benefit.
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9
Q

What is the respect for nature view?

A
  • The moral value of species. We have a duty to protect not just individual animals, but the species to which they belong – and, in particular, the integrity of each species.
  • The preservation of species is morally good, should respect nature and its rich genetic structures. Not genetically modify species (disrespectful interference), selective breeding.
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10
Q

Why do we need to use animals in research?

A
  • ideally wouldnt
  • 90% research uses non animals methods
  • cells behave differently in vitro and in vivo
  • most of the medicines we have today come from animal research.
  • understanding animal ill-health
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11
Q

why use animals?

A

Systems similar to humans
Most human diseases exist in ≥1 other spp
Side effects and efficacy of drugs only show up in in vivo tests
Whole system complexity of interactions only replicable in vivo
Law says so!

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12
Q

What animals have been used?

A
mice
fish
rats
horses
cats
monkeys
dogs
chickens/chicks
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13
Q

what about in vitro experiments?

A
Many different forms
Cheaper
Quicker
iPSCs/organoids very promising
Interesting work in wound repair for MIs
Can build a scaffold of myocardial cells
Cannot fully replicate a living system
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