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SU-18 ER > Animal Emergencies > Flashcards

Animal Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

tx of marine toxicity

A

detoxify venom (rinse with saline, freshwater may activate)

pain and symptom relief

activation and removal of attached nematocysts

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2
Q

infection likely in marine environments

A

aeromonas
vibrio
pseudomonas
erysipelothrix

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3
Q

3 major groups of venomous snakes

A

viperidae (vipers)
elapidae (coral snakes)
hydrophiinae (sea snakes)

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4
Q

North American venomous snake bites involve

A 
pit vibers (crotalinae viperidae)
coral snakes and cobra snakes
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5
Q

first aid for all snake bite victims

A
  1. retreat
  2. limited movement to decrease venom absorption
  3. ensure prompt transport to ER
  4. contstriction bands
  5. IV access in another limb, O2
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6
Q

crotaline envenomation patho

A

systemic vascular damage, hemolysis, fibrinolysis, neuromuscular dysfunction

altered permeability = loss of plasma and blood

consumption of fibrinogen and platelets

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7
Q

some species NM dysfunction in crotaline invocation

A

cranial nerve weakness
respiratory failure
altered sensorium

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8
Q

clinical features of crotaline envenomation

A

presence of one or more fangs, localized pain, progressive edema from bite site

nausea, vomiting, weakness, oral numbness/tingling, dizziness, muscle fasciculation

progressive ecchymosis (leakage of blood), within minutes or hours

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9
Q

systemic effects of crotaline envenomation

A

TACHYPNEA, TACHYCARDIA, HOTN, ALTERED CONCIOUSNESS

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10
Q

crotaline envenomation tx

A 
constriction 
irrigate wounds 
obtain labs 
analgesia
update tetanus 
ANTIVENIN

DO NOT suck and incise

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11
Q

who does not get antivenin crotaline envenomation

A

pts without progression of signs and symptoms bc likely a dry bite

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12
Q

antivenin crotaline envenomation

A

given to all progressive crotalid bites

platelets <100,000 are considered threshold

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13
Q

antivenin crotaline envenomation

A

CroFab

neutralizes toxin when given early

do not give to coral snakes

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14
Q

immediate crotaline envenomation complications

A 
local necrosis
shock 
coagulopahty 
rhabdo
compartment syndrome 
neurotoxicity
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15
Q

delayed crotaline envenomation complications

A 
renal failure
compartment syndrome 
antivenin rebound
serum sickness
delayed thrombocytopenia
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16
Q

colors of coral snake indicating toxicity

A

red on yellow kill a fellow

17
Q

Elapid envenomation

A

descending flaccid paralysis

ptosis, partial diplopia, dysarthria, loss of facial expression and airway control, respiratory paralysis

18
Q

tx of Elapid envenomation

A 
supportive
wound irrigation 
obtain labs
update labs
contact poison center

NO antivenin

SU-18 ER (11 decks)

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