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Organisms and environment > Animal Diversity > Flashcards

Animal Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

What did Carolus Linnaeus do?

A

Father of classification

Animals, plants and minerals

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2
Q

What is the hierarchal classification of organisms?

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
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3
Q

What are some features of ‘animals’?

A 
Multicellular
Large- bigger than protozoa 
Heterotrophic
Motile (part/ all post-embryonic)
Polarisation along anterior- posterior locomotory axis 
Epithelial cells
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4
Q

Why are epithelia useful for animals?

A

Flexible

Waterproofing

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5
Q

Describe the key characteristics of sponges.

A 
Loosely organised 
No true organs
No specialised cell layers
Spicules- hard body elements
Choanocytes- specialised feeding cells
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6
Q

Describe the key characteristics of placozoans.

A

No mouth
No gut
Diploblastic
Contractile fibre cell in the middle

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7
Q

Describe the key characteristics of ctenophores.

A 
Radial symmetry 
Diploblastic (embryo)
Mesoglea- thick gelatinous layer between ectoderm and endoderm 
Complete gut 
8 ctenes usually
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8
Q

Describe the key characteristics of cnidarians and some examples.

A

Jellyfishes, sea anemones, corals
Gastrovascular cavity
Typically have sessile and motile life stages
Nematocytes - elongated or spherical capsules on the body surface

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9
Q

What are the two major groups of bilaterians?

A

Protostomes

Deuterostome

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10
Q

What does triploblastic mean?

A

Exoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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11
Q

What are protostomes?

A

Mouth first- blastopore becomes mouth

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12
Q

What are deuterostomes?

A

Mouth second- blastopore becomes anal opening

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13
Q

What are some examples of protostomes?

A 
Flatworm
Annelids
Mollusks
Nematodes
Arthropods
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14
Q

What is an example of a deuterostome?

A

Chordata

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15
Q

Describe flatworms.

A

Structurally diverse
May be free living or parasitic
Mostly gut endoparasites

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16
Q

Describe annelids.

A

Segmented wormlike bodies
Thin permeable body for gas exchange
Lophotrochozoan

17
Q

Describe mollusks.

A

Most diverse lophotrochozoan
Large foot used for movement
Main organs in a visceral mass covered by mantle

18
Q

Examples of mollusks?

A 
Squid
Slugs
Snails
Muscles
Oysters
19
Q

Describe nematodes.

A 
Ecdysozoan group of protostomes
Most abundant is roundworms
Thick, multilayered cuticle 
Un-segmented- contract body to move 
Many are predators and parasites
20
Q

Describe arthropods.

A 
Ecdysozoans
Diverse and numerous
Segmented bodies
Exoskeleton made of chitin (waterproof)
Muscles on inside
Jointed and specialised appendages
21
Q

What are common features evident at some stage in development of chordata?

A

Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Tail that extends beyond the anus
A dorsal supporting rod- notocord

Organisms and environment (6 decks)

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