Animal cloning

Question 1

What is an example invertebrates cloning?

Answer 1

Starfish - an entire new starfish can regenerate from fragments of the original starfish

Question 2

What is cloning in humans and animals?

Answer 2

Identical twins

Question 3

How is identical twins an example of of natural cloning?

Answer 3

From one original zygote, an embryo forms and then splits into 2 to form identical offspring

Question 4

How was artificial cloning discovered?

Answer 4

The knowledge of how identical twins naturally occur is used to produce identical animals in farming to maintain desired characteristics

Question 5

What is embryo splitting?

Answer 5

Two parents with desired characteristics, such as two healthy cows with a female that produces nutrients rich milk, are selected

Question 6

What is the process of embryo splitting?

Answer 6

1. The female is given hormones to produce many eggs
2. Samples of egg and sperm are used in IVF in lab or some are naturally fertilised.
3. When egg is fertilised and embryo forms, the embryo is split apart into many single, identical cells
4. The identical cells are inserted into the uterus of different host mothers and all of the offspring is clones of eachother but not parents

Question 7

What is the procedure of somatic cell nuclear transfer?

Answer 7

1. Somatic cell is taken from the animal you wish to clone.
2. An egg cell is taken from a female and the nucleus is removed
3. The nucleus is removed from the somatic cell and is inserted into the empty egg cell.
4. To make the egg cell start to divide and form an embryo, a small electrical current is applied.
5. Once the embryo is a bunch of cells, the cells are separated and inserted into the uterus of different host mothers.
6. Each of these inserted cells is genetically identical to the other and the animal the nucleus came from

Question 8

What are advantages of animal cloning?

Answer 8

Animals with desirable characteristics will produce more offspring than with natural reproduction, particular animals can be cloned and it can be used to increase the numbers of rare and endangered animals

Question 9

What are the disadvantages of SCNT ?

Answer 9

SCNT is not efficient and usually 1 embryo is formed from many eggs, there is a high miscarriage rate when implanting embryos by SCNT and animals produced by SCNT often have a shorter life span.

Question 10

What are advantages of artificial twinning?

Answer 10

Enables high yielding farm animals to produce many more offspring and normal reproduction and enables the success of a male animal at passing on desirable genes

Question 11

What are advantages of SCNT?

Answer 11

SCNT allows genetically engineered embryos to be cloned and specific animals can be cloned