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General Zoology Lab > Animal Classifications > Flashcards

Animal Classifications Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general characteristics of animals?

A
  • Multicellular with specialized cells that form tissues and organs.
  • Possesses nervous and muscular tissues that allow for mobility (locomotion).
  • Have a life cycle in which the adult is typically diploid.
  • Usually undergo sexual reproduction and produce an embryo that goes through developmental stages.
  • Heterotrophs that acquire food by ingestion, followed by digestion.
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2
Q

The animal kingdom is currently divided into ___ groups or phyla.

A

30

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3
Q

The animal kingdom is currently divided into 30 groups or phyla where the majority of these animals are ___.

A

invertebrates

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4
Q

___ lack an internal skeleton, or endoskeleton, of bone or cartilage. They evolved first, and they far outnumber the vertebrates (animals with an endoskeleton).

A

Invertebrates

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5
Q

This tree represents the relationships among different animal groups or phyla. It shows different species that evolved from a common ancestors over time. Provides insight to the diversity of life

A

Evolutionary tree

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6
Q

___ have played a major role in establishing evolutionary relationships, because the more closely related two organisms are, the more their DNA sequences will have in common

A

Molecular comparisons

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7
Q

It is characterized based on body structures or morphology.

A

Phylum/Phyla

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8
Q

In eumetazoans, multicellularity led to the formation of ___ (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm).

A

germ layers

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9
Q

___ preceded bilateral symmetry.

A

Radial symmetry

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10
Q

Bilateral symmetry led to __, or the formation of a head containing a brain and sensory receptors.

A

cephalization

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11
Q

Bilaterally symmetrical animals undergo either ___ development or ___ development.

A

protostome, deuterostome

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12
Q

In protostomes, the __ embryonic opening becomes the mouth. They are also characterized by spiral cell division.

A

first

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13
Q

In deuterostomes, the __ embryonic opening becomes the mouth while the first opening is the ___. They are also characterized by radial cell division.

A

second, anus

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14
Q

Animals may be further identified as ___, ___, or ___, depending on the structure of their body cavity.

A

coelomates, pseudocoelomates, acoelomates

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15
Q

Some ___ animals exhibit segmentation or repetition of parts of the body.

A

coelomate

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16
Q

What are the evolutionary trends?

A
  1. Germ layers
  2. Animal symmetry
  3. Animal development
  4. Animal body cavities
  5. Animal segmentation
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17
Q

How many germs layers does a diploblast have?

A

2

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18
Q

How many germs layers does a triploblast have?

A

3

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19
Q

What are the three germ layers?

A
  1. Ectoderm
  2. Mesoderm
  3. Endoderm
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20
Q

This germ layer forms many external and neural structures including the epidermis (skin), hair, nails, formation of exoskeleton (not all animals have exoskeletons), etc. Serves as outer covering

A

Ectoderm

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21
Q

This germ layer develops into organs.

A

Mesoderm

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22
Q

This germ layer forms the inner lining of organs in digestion and respiration systems.

A

Endoderm

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23
Q

What germ layer does a diploblast don’t contain?

A

Mesoderm

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24
Q

With __, two mirror images are obtained no matter how the animal is sliced longitudinally. This is common in animals that live underwater or those who are sessile (animals that don’t move that much). Top - oral side (mouth is located), aboral - opposite of the oral side.

A

radial symmetry

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25
Q

With __, mirror images are obtained only if the animal is sliced down the middle. This is common in animals who are locomotive.

A

bilateral symmetry

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26
Q

This kind of animals has no body cavity. Their body are filled with mesenchyme, a solid tissue where the organs are embedded; Flatworms

A

Acoelomate

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27
Q

This kind of animals has body cavity.; Dirtworms

A

Coelomate

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28
Q

This kind of animals’s body cavity is incompletely lined by mesoderm. ;Nematodes, roundworms

A

Pseudocoelomate

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29
Q

This is the repetition of the body units along the length of the body of animals.

A

Segmentation

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30
Q

What are the early animals?

A

Sponges (porifera) and cnidarians

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31
Q

__ have saclike bodies perforated by many pores called ostia. They are multicellular (lack tissues) and some have various symmetries or no symmetries at all.

A

Sponges (porifera)

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32
Q

__ have two tissue layers, are radially symmetrical, have a saclike digestive cavity (with only one opening), and possess nematocytes are specialized cells that contain nematocysts, which are the organelles that deliver a sting.

A

Cnidarians

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33
Q

___ are characterized by feeding structure and larval development. They increase their body mass gradually without molting.

A

Lophotrochozoans

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34
Q

What are the
lophotrochozoans?

A

Flatworms, Mollusks, and Annelids

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35
Q

___ have three germ layers but no coelom. They are bilaterally symmetrical and have a saclike digestive cavity. Many are hermaphrodites. Ex. planarians, tapeworms

A

Flatworms

36
Q

The body of a mollusc or __ typically contains a visceral mass, a mantle (may secret a shell), and a foot.

A

mollusks

37
Q

What are the three main types of mollusks?

A
  1. Gastropods
  2. Cephalopods
  3. Bivalves
38
Q

Snails, representatives of this group.
* flat foot
* one-part shell
* mantle cavity (that carries on gas exchange.)

A

Gastropods

39
Q

___ such as clams

  • muscular foot
  • two-part shell
  • filter feeder
A

Bivalves

40
Q

Octopuses and squids

  • marked cephalization,
  • move rapidly by jet propulsion,
  • closed circulatory system
A

Cephalopods

41
Q

___ are segmented worms; segmentation is seen both externally and internally.

A

Annelids

42
Q

What are the three major classes of annelids?

A
  1. Polychaetes
  2. Oligochaetes
  3. Leeches
43
Q

__ are worms that have many setae. A clam worm is a predatory marine worm with a well-defined head region.

A

Polychaetes

44
Q

These are annelids that do not have a well-defined head region. An example of these are earthworms that scavenge for food in the soil.

A

oligochaetes

45
Q

___ are annelids that feed by sucking blood.

A

Leeches

46
Q

___ have a pseudocoelom and a complete digestive tract.

A

Roundworms

47
Q

They have jointed appendages. They are the most varied and numerous of animals. Their success
is largely attributable to a flexible exoskeleton (composed mostly of chitin) and specialized body regions.

A

Arthropods

48
Q

The ___ are invertebrate protostomes that increase their body mass by molting their exoskeleton, or cuticle.

A

ecdysozoans

49
Q

What are the three major groups of arthropods?

A
  1. Crustaceans
  2. Arachnids
  3. Insects
50
Q

___ have a head that bears compound eyes, antennae, and mouthparts. Five pairs of walking legs are present.

A

Crustaceans

51
Q

___ include spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, harvestmen, and horseshoe crabs. Spiders live on land and spin silk, which they use to capture prey as well as for other purposes.

A

Arachnids

52
Q

___ have three pairs of legs attached to the thorax. They have adaptations to a terrestrial life.

A

Insects

53
Q

What are the
ecdysozoans?

A

Roundworms and
Arthropods

54
Q

They have a pseudocoelom and a complete digestive tract.

A

Roundworms

55
Q

Characterized by jointed appendages. They are also the most varied and numerous of animals. Their success is largely attributable to a flexible exoskeleton (composed mostly of chitin) and specialized body regions.

A

Arthropods

56
Q

They have a head that bears compound eyes, antennae, and mouthparts. Five pairs of walking legs are present.

A

Crustaceans

57
Q

They include spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, harvestmen, and horseshoe crabs. Spiders live on land and spin silk, which they use to capture prey as well as for other purposes.

A

Arachnids

58
Q

They have three pairs of legs attached to the thorax. They have adaptations to a terrestrial life.

A

Insects

59
Q

What are the deuterostomes?

A

Echinoderms and Chordates

60
Q

They have radial symmetry as adults (not as
larvae) and endoskeletal spines. Typically, they have tiny skin gills, a central nerve ring with branches, and a water vascular system for locomotion, as exemplified by the sea star.

A

Echinoderms

61
Q

An example of them are adult tunicates which lack chordate characteristics except gill slits, but adult lancelets have the four chordate characteristics and show obvious segmentation.

A

Invertebrate chordates

62
Q

They have a notochord, a dorsal tubular nerve cord,pharyngeal pouches, and a postanal tail at some time in their life history.

A

Chordates

63
Q

What are the vertebrate chordates?

A
  1. Fish
  2. Reptiles
  3. Birds
  4. Mammals
64
Q

What are the three types of fishes?

A
  1. Jawless fishes
  2. Cartilaginous fishes
  3. Bony fishes
65
Q

The first vertebrates, the ___ (represented by
hagfishes and lampreys), lacked jaws and fins.

A

jawless fishes

66
Q

___ have jaws and fins supported by bony spikes; these fishes include the ray-finned fishes and lobe-finned fishes. Some of the lobe-finned fishes have lungs.

A

Bony fishes

67
Q

___, represented by sharks and rays, have jaws and a skeleton made of cartilage.

A

Cartilaginous fishes

68
Q

They evolved from ancient lobe-finned fishes and have two pairs of jointed vertebrate limbs. Examples of them are frogs, toads, newts, and
salamanders,

A

Amphibians

69
Q

___, such as snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and birds, lay a shelled egg, which contains extraembryonic membranes, including an amnion that allows them to reproduce on land.

A

Reptiles

70
Q

These are feathered reptiles, which helps them maintain a constant body temperature. They are adapted for flight; their bones are hollow, with
air cavities; lungs form air sacs that allow one-way ventilation; and they have well-developed sense organs.

A

Birds

71
Q

All reptiles, except birds, are
___. Birds are ___

A

ectothermic, endothermic.

72
Q

___ are amniotes that have hair and mammary
glands. The former helps them maintain a constant body temperature, and the latter allow them to nurse their young.

A

Mammals

73
Q

What are the three kinds of mammals?

A
  1. Monotremes
  2. Marsupials
  3. Placental mammals
74
Q

This kind of mammals lay eggs.

A

Monotremes

75
Q

This kind of mammal have a pouch in which the newborn matures.

A

Marsupials

76
Q

This kind of mammal are far more varied and numerous, retain offspring inside the uterus until birth.

A

Placental mammals

77
Q

__ is created by development, it has different characteristics that allow different species to adapt and survive in diverse environments.

A

Animal Evolution

78
Q

___ are extremely diverse, they share some important differences from other multicellular eukaryotes, plants, and fungi.

A

Animals

79
Q

Unlike plants, which make their food through photosynthesis, animals are ___ and must acquire nutrients from an external source

A

heterotrophs

80
Q

Unlike __ which digest their food externally and absorb the breakdown products, __ ingest (eat) whole food and digest it internally.

A

fungi, animals

81
Q

___ are animals with ‘true tissue’

A

Eumetazoa

82
Q

Radial symmetry comes first before bilateral symmetry. True or false?

A

True

83
Q

Allows us to categorize animals based on how their bodies can be divided into parts

A

Animal symmetry

84
Q

This is the first opening developed in animals and which characterized animals into two groups.

A

Blastophore

85
Q

Usually, animals undergo sexual reproduction and form the embryo, the embryo is composed of___ that interact with each other from __ to contribute to the formation of tissue and organs.

A

germ cells, germ layers

86
Q

Transitioning from unicellular to a multicellular organism

A

Metazoans

General Zoology Lab (3 decks)

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