Animal Cell - ORGANELLES

Question 1

Nuclear Envelope (Nucleus)

Answer 1

. Similar Structure to cell membrane.
. Nuclear Pores - Lets things in and out (Protein Symphysis)

Question 2

Chromatin (Nucleus)

Answer 2

. Mixture of DNA and proteins that form chromosomes.
. Gives instructions to make proteins.

Question 3

Nucleolus (Nucleus)

Answer 3

. Dense sphere in centre of nucleus.
. Contains genes for making RNA and ribosomes.

Question 4

Phospholipids Bilayer (Plasma Membrane)

Answer 4

. Consists of fatty acids + alcohol.
. Hydrophilic head; hydrophobic tail.
. Separates cell contents.

Question 5

Embedded Proteins (Plasma Membrane)

Answer 5

. Transport proteins (controls entry + exit - Selectively Permeable)
. Receptors to chemical communications.

Question 6

Outer Membrane (Mitochondria)

Answer 6

. Contains porins (Protein that allows movement in and out)

Question 7

Inner membrane (Mitochondria)

Answer 7

. Folded into Cristal
. Increases SA for recpiration + ATP synthesis.
. Separates mitochondria into compartments.

Question 8

Matrix (Mitochondria)

Answer 8

. Contains enzymes (ATP Synthase) needed for respiration and ATP synthesis.
. Have their own DNA
. Contain their own Ribosome for making specific proteins.
. Contains calcium for relating reactions.

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

. Thick, gelatinous fluid.
. Fills up cell
. Maintains Shape
. Consists of water, protein, salt.

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

.Very small organelles
.Slightly larger in EU (80s) than pro (70s)
. Two sub-units
. No Membrane
. Made of RNA + Protein
Receiver of RNA messages from nucleus.
. Uses instructions to make proteins.

Question 11

RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 11

. Cisternae (tube fluid filled membrane sacks)
. In-between Lumen
. Close to Nucleus
. Ribosomes imbedded
. Makes proteins for export

Question 12

SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Answer 12

. Cisternae
. No ribosomes
. Does not make protein
. Synthesises lipids
. Makes phospholipids, Cholesterol, Steroids, Hormones.
. Some exported.
. Has Key Enzymes
. Metabolises Carbohydrates (brain + muscle), toxins (liver)
. Stores Calcium - Muscle retraction

Question 13

Golgi apparatus

Answer 13

. Cisternae + Lumen
. Modifying Proteins + lipids
. Exports Proteins + lipids
. Cis-Face (imports)
. Trans-face (exports)

Question 14

Vesicle

Answer 14

. Filled w/ Cytoplasm/Liquid
. Membrane Bound
. Storage + Transport
. Membranes can fuse with other membrane systems within the cell or the plasma membrane.

Question 15

Lyosome

Answer 15

. Has enzymes that can break down molecules or nutrient of foreign particles entering cell.

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

. Not plant cell
. Allow animal cells to reproduce
. release fibres (microtubules) to aid in mitosis/meiosis by pulling apart cell.