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ANS 324 > Animal Breeding > Flashcards

Animal Breeding Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of genetics

A

science of dealing with hereditary and variation

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2
Q

animal genetics

A

study of the principles of inheritance in animals

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3
Q

animal breeding

A

the application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals

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4
Q

what is the purpose of animal breeding

A

improve genetically the economic efficiency of livestock production

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5
Q

what is the main tool in genetic improvement

A

selection

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6
Q

what are the 7 criteria for natural selection

A
  1. strength
  2. size
  3. intelligence
  4. color
  5. defense stratagies
  6. flexibility
  7. longevity
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7
Q

who was Robert Bakewell

A

considered the father of animal breeding

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8
Q

what did Robert Bakewell come up with

A

the concept of purebred mating (in and in)

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9
Q

what are the stages of self domestication/human intervention

A
  1. selection for tameness
  2. strict captivity - limit breeding
  3. intentional breeding
  4. trait standardization
  5. eliminate wild species (genes)
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10
Q

what are the stages of human domestication/human intervention

A
  1. control herd movement
  2. eliminate “problems”
  3. select for tameness
  4. strict captivity - limit breeding
  5. intentional breeding
  6. trait standardisation
  7. eliminate wild species
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11
Q

1859

A

Darwin publishes the origin of species

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12
Q

1902

A

human disease has genetic basis

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13
Q

1904

A

Bateson discovers linkage between genes

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14
Q

1871

A

miescher isolates nucleic acid from pus cells

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15
Q

dairy genetic selection effects

A

35% more milk with 63% less cows over 65 years

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16
Q

swine genetic effects

A

change in feed efficiency and phenotype (fat –> lean)

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17
Q

sheep genetic effects

A

wool increased volume 4x

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18
Q

laying hens genetic effects

A

jungle fowl 15/30 eggs/yr to leghorn at 300 eggs/yr

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19
Q

broilers selection effects

A

12 weeks to 42 days

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20
Q

turkey selection effects

A

AI required for reproduction

21
Q

beef genetic selection

A

little real change

22
Q

horse genetic selection

A

no change in the speed index in the last 40 years

23
Q

dog genetic selection

A

creating genetic wrecks

24
Q

cat genetic selection

A

trying to create genetic wrecks

25
Q

What was the Griffith experiment?

A

inject smooth virulent strain, and rough non-virulent strain into mice and see what kills them
1. virulent strain –> dead mouse
2. virulent strain mutated to non-virulent –> alive mouse
3. virulent strain that is heat killed –> alive mouse
4. virulent strain that was heat killed and non-virulent strain together –> dead mouse

26
Q

what was the MacLeod, et al. experiment?

A

living R-form + heat killed s-form –> time makes the living s-form

27
Q

What was the Hershey & Chase experiment

A

provide convincing evidence that DNA is genetic material. is viral material carried through the bacteriophage protein shell or viral DNA

28
Q

human chromosome

A

46

29
Q

cattle chromosome

A

60

30
Q

sheep chromosome

A

54

31
Q

goat chromosome

A

60

32
Q

dog chromosome

A

78

33
Q

donkey chromosome

A

62

34
Q

camelid chromosome

A

74

35
Q

rabbit chromosome

A

44

36
Q

mouse chromosome

A

40

37
Q

cat chromosome

A

38

38
Q

chicken chromosome

A

78

39
Q

pig chromosome

A

38

40
Q

turkey chromosome

A

80

41
Q

horse chromosome

A

64

42
Q

mule chromosome

A

63

43
Q

rat chromosome

A

42

44
Q

what is a nucleotide composed of

A

nitrogen base, phosphate, 5 carbon sugar

45
Q

purine bases

A

adenine and guanine

46
Q

pyrimidine bases

A

cytosine and thymine

47
Q

4 requirements for DNA

A
  1. must carry information
  2. must replicate
  3. must allow for information to change
  4. must govern the expression of the phenotype
48
Q
A
49
Q
A

ANS 324 (4 decks)

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