Animal Breeding

Question 1

what is the definition of genetics

Answer 1

science of dealing with hereditary and variation

Question 2

animal genetics

Answer 2

study of the principles of inheritance in animals

Question 3

animal breeding

Answer 3

the application of the principles of animal genetics with the goal of improvement of animals

Question 4

what is the purpose of animal breeding

Answer 4

improve genetically the economic efficiency of livestock production

Question 5

what is the main tool in genetic improvement

Answer 5

selection

Question 6

what are the 7 criteria for natural selection

Answer 6

1. strength
2. size
3. intelligence
4. color
5. defense stratagies
6. flexibility
7. longevity

Question 7

who was Robert Bakewell

Answer 7

considered the father of animal breeding

Question 8

what did Robert Bakewell come up with

Answer 8

the concept of purebred mating (in and in)

Question 9

what are the stages of self domestication/human intervention

Answer 9

1. selection for tameness
2. strict captivity - limit breeding
3. intentional breeding
4. trait standardization
5. eliminate wild species (genes)

Question 10

what are the stages of human domestication/human intervention

Answer 10

1. control herd movement
2. eliminate “problems”
3. select for tameness
4. strict captivity - limit breeding
5. intentional breeding
6. trait standardisation
7. eliminate wild species

Question 11

1859

Answer 11

Darwin publishes the origin of species

Question 12

1902

Answer 12

human disease has genetic basis

Question 13

1904

Answer 13

Bateson discovers linkage between genes

Question 14

1871

Answer 14

miescher isolates nucleic acid from pus cells

Question 15

dairy genetic selection effects

Answer 15

35% more milk with 63% less cows over 65 years

Question 16

swine genetic effects

Answer 16

change in feed efficiency and phenotype (fat –> lean)

Question 17

sheep genetic effects

Answer 17

wool increased volume 4x

Question 18

laying hens genetic effects

Answer 18

jungle fowl 15/30 eggs/yr to leghorn at 300 eggs/yr

Question 19

broilers selection effects

Answer 19

12 weeks to 42 days

Question 20

turkey selection effects

Answer 20

AI required for reproduction

Question 21

beef genetic selection

Answer 21

little real change

Question 22

horse genetic selection

Answer 22

no change in the speed index in the last 40 years

Question 23

dog genetic selection

Answer 23

creating genetic wrecks

Question 24

cat genetic selection

Answer 24

trying to create genetic wrecks

Question 25

What was the Griffith experiment?

Answer 25

inject smooth virulent strain, and rough non-virulent strain into mice and see what kills them 1. virulent strain --> dead mouse 2. virulent strain mutated to non-virulent --> alive mouse 3. virulent strain that is heat killed --> alive mouse 4. virulent strain that was heat killed and non-virulent strain together --> dead mouse

Question 26

what was the MacLeod, et al. experiment?

Answer 26

living R-form + heat killed s-form --> time makes the living s-form

Question 27

What was the Hershey & Chase experiment

Answer 27

provide convincing evidence that DNA is genetic material. is viral material carried through the bacteriophage protein shell or viral DNA

Question 28

human chromosome

Answer 28

46

Question 29

cattle chromosome

Answer 29

60

Question 30

sheep chromosome

Answer 30

54

Question 31

goat chromosome

Answer 31

60

Question 32

dog chromosome

Answer 32

78

Question 33

donkey chromosome

Answer 33

62

Question 34

camelid chromosome

Answer 34

74

Question 35

rabbit chromosome

Answer 35

44

Question 36

mouse chromosome

Answer 36

40

Question 37

cat chromosome

Answer 37

38

Question 38

chicken chromosome

Answer 38

78

Question 39

pig chromosome

Answer 39

38

Question 40

turkey chromosome

Answer 40

80

Question 41

horse chromosome

Answer 41

64

Question 42

mule chromosome

Answer 42

63

Question 43

rat chromosome

Answer 43

42

Question 44

what is a nucleotide composed of

Answer 44

nitrogen base, phosphate, 5 carbon sugar

Question 45

purine bases

Answer 45

adenine and guanine

Question 46

pyrimidine bases

Answer 46

cytosine and thymine

Question 47

4 requirements for DNA

Answer 47

1. must carry information 2. must replicate 3. must allow for information to change 4. must govern the expression of the phenotype