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Bio Stuff > Animal Behavior's and Plant Responses > Flashcards

Animal Behavior's and Plant Responses Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

Physical factors of the environment e.g. light, humidity

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Factors in the environment due to other living things e.g. parasitism, competition

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3
Q

Ecological niche

A

the sum total of an organisms requirements and its inter-relationship with other organisms in the community

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4
Q

Daily rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of 24 hours

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5
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of approximately 24 hours under constant environmental conditions

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6
Q

Circalunar rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of approximately 29 days under constant environmental conditions

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7
Q

Circannual rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of approximately 1 year under constant environmental conditions

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8
Q

Exogenous rhythm

A

a rhythm that is controlled by an external environment stimulus (zeitgeber) detected by an organism

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9
Q

Endogenous rhythm

A

a rhythm that is controlled by an internal biological clock

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10
Q

Period

A

the time it takes to complete one cycle of activity

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11
Q

Phase shift

A

when the onset of the period of the rhythm is changed (either earlier or later)

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12
Q

Phase advance

A

when the onset of a free running rhythm occurs earlier than when the rhythm is entrained

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13
Q

Phase delay

A

when the onset of a free running rhythm occurs later than when the rhythm is entrained

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14
Q

Free running

A

the period of the rhythm when the clock is running without any cues from the environment

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15
Q

Entrainment

A

the resetting of the clock on a regular basis, forcing it to take up the period of the environment

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16
Q

Zeitgeber

A

Time keeper

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17
Q

Diurnal

A

active during the day and inactive during the night

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18
Q

Nocturnal

A

active during the night and inactive during the day

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19
Q

Crepuscular

A

active at dawn and dusk

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20
Q

Arrhythmic

A

no regular pattern of activity

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21
Q

Photoperiodic response

A

the response of an organism to the change in a day or night length

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22
Q

Long day plants

A

plants that flower when the photoperiod exceeds a certain critical day length

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23
Q

Short day plants

A

plants that flower when the photoperiod is less than the critical day length

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24
Q

Vernalisation

A

the induction of flowering or seed germination by a period of chilling

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25
Q

Dormancy

A

metabolic inactivity in plants

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26
Q

Abscission

A

leaf or fruit fall

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27
Q

Hibernation

A

a period of suspended activity during winter

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28
Q

Aestivation

A

a period of suspended activity during summer (avoiding dry conditions)

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29
Q

Tropism

A

the growth response of a plant towards or away from a stimulus coming from one direction

30
Q

Nastic Response

A

the movement of a part of a plant in response to a non-directional stimulus

31
Q

Kinesis

A

the change in rate of movement of the whole organism in response to the change in intensity of a non-directional stimulus

32
Q

Taxes

A

the movement of the whole organism towards or away from a stimulus coming from one direction

33
Q

Light

34
Q

Gravity

35
Q

Helio

36
Q

chemical

37
Q

touch

38
Q

temperature

39
Q

water

40
Q

Migration

A

regular, annual mass movement of animals from an area where they breed to an area where they do not breed.

41
Q

Territory

A

the area an animal will defend

42
Q

Home Range

A

the area an animal will search for food, mates and will make it its home

43
Q

Homing

A

the ability of an organism to find its way home over an unfamiliar territory

44
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

competition between individuals of the same species

45
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

competition between individuals of different species

46
Q

Agonistic

A

any social behavior related to fighting, such as aggressive or submissive behaviors.

47
Q

Co-operative behavior

A

behavior between individuals that increases the likelihood of successful reproduction or survival

48
Q

Herbivory

A

when an animal eats a plant

49
Q

Parasitism

A

when an organism obtains energy from another organism of a different species without killing the host

50
Q

Endoparasite

A

a parasite that lives on the inside of its host

51
Q

Extoparasite

A

a parasite that lives on the outside of its host

52
Q

Social Parasite

A

an organism that takes energy from its host without directly feeding of the host

53
Q

Mutualism

A

a relationship where both species benefit (+,+)

54
Q

Commensalism

A

one species benefits from the interaction and the other species is unaffected (+,0)

55
Q

Exploitation

A

(parasitism, predation, herbivory) - a relationship where one species is harmed and the other benefits (+,-)

56
Q

Competition

A

a relationship where both species are harmed (-,-)

57
Q

Antibiosis

A

a relationship where one species is unaffected and the other species is harmed (0,-)

58
Q

Alleleopathy

A

a relationship between plants where one plant species produces toxin that prevents other plant species from growing in the same location (+,-)

59
Q

Batesian mimicry

A

the resemblance of a harmless or palatable species to one that is dangerous or poisonous

60
Q

Mullerian mimicry

A

several poisonous or dangerous species that all have similar warning warning colouration patterns

61
Q

Linear hierarchy

A

a linear order of animals from the most dominant to the least dominant

62
Q

Alpha Animal

A

the most dominant animal in a hierarchy

63
Q

Omega animal

A

the most submissive animal in a hierarchy

64
Q

Species

A

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

65
Q

Population

A

a group of organisms of the same species living together in a defined area

66
Q

Innate behaviour

A

genetically determined behaviour (instinctive)

67
Q

Endemic species

A

a species only found in one place

68
Q

Liane

A

climbing plant

69
Q

Epiphyte

A

perching plant

70
Q

Pair Bond

A

a prolonged relationship between a male and female associated with joint parental care

71
Q

R selected species

A

give birth to lots of offspring quickly and show little parental care

72
Q

K selected species

A

give birth to only a few offspring and show lots of parental care

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