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Bio Stuff > Animal Behavior's and Plant Responses > Flashcards

Animal Behavior's and Plant Responses Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

Physical factors of the environment e.g. light, humidity

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2
Q

Biotic

A

Factors in the environment due to other living things e.g. parasitism, competition

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3
Q

Ecological niche

A

the sum total of an organisms requirements and its inter-relationship with other organisms in the community

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4
Q

Daily rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of 24 hours

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5
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of approximately 24 hours under constant environmental conditions

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6
Q

Circalunar rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of approximately 29 days under constant environmental conditions

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7
Q

Circannual rhythm

A

a rhythm with a period of approximately 1 year under constant environmental conditions

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8
Q

Exogenous rhythm

A

a rhythm that is controlled by an external environment stimulus (zeitgeber) detected by an organism

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9
Q

Endogenous rhythm

A

a rhythm that is controlled by an internal biological clock

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10
Q

Period

A

the time it takes to complete one cycle of activity

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11
Q

Phase shift

A

when the onset of the period of the rhythm is changed (either earlier or later)

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12
Q

Phase advance

A

when the onset of a free running rhythm occurs earlier than when the rhythm is entrained

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13
Q

Phase delay

A

when the onset of a free running rhythm occurs later than when the rhythm is entrained

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14
Q

Free running

A

the period of the rhythm when the clock is running without any cues from the environment

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15
Q

Entrainment

A

the resetting of the clock on a regular basis, forcing it to take up the period of the environment

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16
Q

Zeitgeber

A

Time keeper

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17
Q

Diurnal

A

active during the day and inactive during the night

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18
Q

Nocturnal

A

active during the night and inactive during the day

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19
Q

Crepuscular

A

active at dawn and dusk

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20
Q

Arrhythmic

A

no regular pattern of activity

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21
Q

Photoperiodic response

A

the response of an organism to the change in a day or night length

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22
Q

Long day plants

A

plants that flower when the photoperiod exceeds a certain critical day length

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23
Q

Short day plants

A

plants that flower when the photoperiod is less than the critical day length

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24
Q

Vernalisation

A

the induction of flowering or seed germination by a period of chilling

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25
Dormancy
metabolic inactivity in plants
26
Abscission
leaf or fruit fall
27
Hibernation
a period of suspended activity during winter
28
Aestivation
a period of suspended activity during summer (avoiding dry conditions)
29
Tropism
the growth response of a plant towards or away from a stimulus coming from one direction
30
Nastic Response
the movement of a part of a plant in response to a non-directional stimulus
31
Kinesis
the change in rate of movement of the whole organism in response to the change in intensity of a non-directional stimulus
32
Taxes
the movement of the whole organism towards or away from a stimulus coming from one direction
33
Light
Photo
34
Gravity
geo
35
Helio
sun
36
chemical
chemo
37
touch
thigmo
38
temperature
thermo
39
water
hydro
40
Migration
regular, annual mass movement of animals from an area where they breed to an area where they do not breed.
41
Territory
the area an animal will defend
42
Home Range
the area an animal will search for food, mates and will make it its home
43
Homing
the ability of an organism to find its way home over an unfamiliar territory
44
Intraspecific Competition
competition between individuals of the same species
45
Interspecific Competition
competition between individuals of different species
46
Agonistic
any social behavior related to fighting, such as aggressive or submissive behaviors.
47
Co-operative behavior
behavior between individuals that increases the likelihood of successful reproduction or survival
48
Herbivory
when an animal eats a plant
49
Parasitism
when an organism obtains energy from another organism of a different species without killing the host
50
Endoparasite
a parasite that lives on the inside of its host
51
Extoparasite
a parasite that lives on the outside of its host
52
Social Parasite
an organism that takes energy from its host without directly feeding of the host
53
Mutualism
a relationship where both species benefit (+,+)
54
Commensalism
one species benefits from the interaction and the other species is unaffected (+,0)
55
Exploitation
(parasitism, predation, herbivory) - a relationship where one species is harmed and the other benefits (+,-)
56
Competition
a relationship where both species are harmed (-,-)
57
Antibiosis
a relationship where one species is unaffected and the other species is harmed (0,-)
58
Alleleopathy
a relationship between plants where one plant species produces toxin that prevents other plant species from growing in the same location (+,-)
59
Batesian mimicry
the resemblance of a harmless or palatable species to one that is dangerous or poisonous
60
Mullerian mimicry
several poisonous or dangerous species that all have similar warning warning colouration patterns
61
Linear hierarchy
a linear order of animals from the most dominant to the least dominant
62
Alpha Animal
the most dominant animal in a hierarchy
63
Omega animal
the most submissive animal in a hierarchy
64
Species
a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
65
Population
a group of organisms of the same species living together in a defined area
66
Innate behaviour
genetically determined behaviour (instinctive)
67
Endemic species
a species only found in one place
68
Liane
climbing plant
69
Epiphyte
perching plant
70
Pair Bond
a prolonged relationship between a male and female associated with joint parental care
71
R selected species
give birth to lots of offspring quickly and show little parental care
72
K selected species
give birth to only a few offspring and show lots of parental care

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