anglų vocab

Question 1

hyperchromicity

Answer 1

the increase of uv light absorption while the DNA is melting

Question 2

base flipping

Answer 2

the process when a part of z-DNA’s one base pair is flipped out or extracted from the DNA helix

Question 3

hydrogen bonds

Answer 3

very weak bonds that involve sharing hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms

Question 4

melting tempature

Answer 4

the tempeture ay which half of the bases in a dsDNA sample have denaturated

Question 5

strand

Answer 5

a single chain of nucleotides

Question 6

gene

Answer 6

a specific stretch of nucleotides in dna that is used to make a particular protein

Question 7

amino acids

Answer 7

small molecules that are building blocks of proteins

Question 8

The only difference between two amino acids is in their

Answer 8

R group

Question 9

peptide bonds

Answer 9

bonds by which amino acids are joined together

Question 10

polypeptide

Answer 10

a longer chain of amino acids

Question 11

condensation

Answer 11

reaction when the amino group of one molecule reacts with the carboxyl group of the another molecule

Question 12

residues

Answer 12

amino acids that are joined in a series of peptide bonds

Question 13

resonance/mesomeria

Answer 13

molecules having a structure that can’t be represented by a single structural formula

Question 14

transcription

Answer 14

process in which the DNA sequence of a gene is ‘rewritten’ in RNA

Question 15

translation

Answer 15

process in which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is ‘translated’ into a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide

Question 16

the name of the start codon

Answer 16

methionine

Question 17

degeneration

Answer 17

a state when an amino acid can be coded by more than one codon

Question 18

messenger RNA carries

Answer 18

the genetic information in the form of the genetic code (triplet)

Question 19

termination codon

Answer 19

the final codon in mRNA molecule that is read

Question 20

protein

Answer 20

a molecule made of amino acids; a highly complex substance that is found in all living organisms

Question 21

hydrophobic

Answer 21

doesn’t interact well with water

Question 22

hydrophilic

Answer 22

interacts well with water

Question 23

histones

Answer 23

small, positively charged proteins

Question 24

chromosome

Answer 24

a thread-like structure found inside the nucleus of the cell

Question 25

genome

Answer 25

the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell

Question 26

nucleosome

Answer 26

the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells

Question 27

chromatin

Answer 27

a mixture of DNA and proteins that from chromosomes

Question 28

nucleic acids

Answer 28

a long chain of nucleotides

Question 29

hybridization

Answer 29

a complementary base pairing of strands from two different sources

Question 30

cloverleaf

Answer 30

structure of tRNA drawn in 2D

Question 31

coaxial/helical stacking

Answer 31

when the nucleotide bases from two separate base-paired stems stack and align to form a continuous helix

Question 32

transfer RNA

Answer 32

RNA that delivers amino acid to the ribosome

Question 33

DNA binding proteins (function)

Answer 33

hold DNA loop proteins in place

Question 34

DNA looping and supercoiling (purpose)

Answer 34

makes the chromosome more compact so it could fit inside the nucleoid

Question 35

a nucleosome consists of:

Answer 35

H1 histone, a histone octamer, a fragment of spooled DNA