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Anglo Saxons > Anglo Saxons > Flashcards

Anglo Saxons Flashcards

1
Q

Why was the king able to mint coins?

A

To ensure the integrity of the of the coins

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2
Q

What was the king the commander of? Why?

A

The army as one of his main functions was to protect and defend the kingdom

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3
Q

What were the principal earldoms?

A

Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria

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4
Q

Why did people trade in urban areas?

A

To encourage people to travel and spend in the Burhs

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5
Q

What were the earls responsible for?

A

Peace, justice, raising armies

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6
Q

What did the sheriffs do?

A

Collect taxes, dispense justice, settling disputes

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7
Q

Who did the king settle disputes with?

A

Earls, Sheriffs, Thegns

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8
Q

What crimes did the king, sheriffs, thegns and earls discuss?

A

Arson, rape, murder, treason

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9
Q

What were the Shire courts?

A

Next level down from the kings court

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10
Q

What reputation did Edward gain?

A

Great giver of justice

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11
Q

What crimes did the Shire courts discuss?

A

Theft, violence

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12
Q

What crimes did the Hundreds courts discuss?

A

Local disputes, minor crimes

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13
Q

What was the Danelaw?

A

Dividing line from London to Chester

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14
Q

What were Burhs?

A

Fortified towns - small percentage of the population lived here (around 10%)

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15
Q

Were the Burhs a place for international trade?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What was a geld?

A

Tax

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17
Q

What was Earl Godwin’s relationship with Cnut?

A

Chief adviser

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18
Q

Why were the Godwinson’s so powerful?

A

They owned a lot of England

19
Q

Were the godwinson’s more powerful than Edward?

A

Yes

20
Q

why did Edward increase the amount of Normans in his court?

A

He became too dependant on the godwinson’s

21
Q

What happened to the godwinson’s once they found out about this?

A

They were exiled

22
Q

Why did Harold and his brothers defeat Gruffyd?

A

To prove their worth to Edward

23
Q

What was a “sub regulus”?

A

Deputy king

24
Q

Why did Harold make an oath of loyalty towards william?

A

Harold was shipwrecked and imprisoned by the french. William saved him and on an act of thankfulness, Harold swore and oath of loyalty

25
Q

Did Tostig truly deserve Northumbria? Why?

A

No because he forcefully attempted to become the ruler of it

26
Q

Did the Northumbrians like Tostig? Why?

A

No because he was viewed as a tyrant

27
Q

Who was now the Earl of Northumbria?

A

Morcar

28
Q

Why did Tostig want revenge on Edward?

A

Because he was exiled

29
Q

Did Edward promise Harold the throne?

A

It is unknown

30
Q

What does the term “usurped” mean? Who did it apply to?

A

Harold as he is believed to have not deserved the throne

31
Q

When did Edward die?

A

5th January 1066

32
Q

When was Harold crowned king?

A

6th January 1066

33
Q

Who were the claimants of the throne?

A

William, Harald Hardrada, Edgar the Atheling

34
Q

Why did the Witan decide to crown Harold?

A

He was powerful, a skilled warrior, good commander, an English man

35
Q

Why was Harold’s coronation invalid?

A

Stigand crowned him - he was a church abuser

36
Q

Who did Tostig ally with?

A

Harald Hardrada

37
Q

Who fought in the battle of gate fulford?

A

Tostig, Harald, Edwin, morcar

38
Q

Who won the battle of gate fulford?

A

Harald and Tostig

39
Q

Why did they win?

A

Edwin and morcar were inexperienced fighters

40
Q

What did Harold do in retaliation?

A

He travelled north to fight Harald and Tostig

41
Q

Who took part in the battle of Stanford Bridge

A

Harold, Harald, Tostig

42
Q

Who won? How?

A

Harold as he surprise attacked them

43
Q

Why did William win in the Battle of Hastings?

A

His army was strong, well disciplined and William was an experienced leader

44
Q

How did Harold die?

A

Shot in the eye with an arrow

Anglo Saxons (3 decks)

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