Angio E

Question 1

indications for cerebral angiography

Answer 1

• aneurysm
• arterio-venous malformation (AVM)
• thrombosis
• tumour vascularity

Question 2

clinical presentation of AVM

Answer 2

intracranial hemorrhage

Question 3

S&S of cerebral aneurysm

Answer 3

• abrupt onset of a severe headache
• followed by nausea, vomiting and drowsiness or coma
• neck stiffness and low back ache follow in a few days

Question 4

goal of cerebral angiography

Answer 4

• to answer diagnostic questions about cerebral vasculature
• facilitate appropriate therapy

Question 5

radiography projections for carotid

Answer 5

• occipital-frontal
• cross table lateral
• oblique 30-35deg

Question 6

radiography projections of vertebral

Answer 6

• reverse towne’s view
• cross table lateral
• towne’s oblique 30-35deg
• occipital frontal
• oblique 30-35deg

Question 7

possible complication of cerebral angiography

Answer 7

punctured site injury
- hemorrhage
- arterial occlusion
- pseudoaneurysm
- arteriovenous fistula
- limb amputation

Question 8

indication for coronary angiography

Answer 8

• ischemic heart disease
• ventricular ejection function
• coronary heart disease or anomalies of the great vessels
• valvular disease

Question 9

access site to do a CC

Answer 9

• radial artery access commonly used

Question 10

type of guiding cather used in CC

Answer 10

judkins curved left, judkins curved right
judkins left short tip, judkins right short tip
judkins left, judkins right
pigtail

Question 11

major radiographer’s role in CC

Answer 11

• control wedge filter position
• control shutters
• select proper protocol
• adjust II and C-arm position

Question 12

what is wedged filters used for

Answer 12

to prevent distracting highlights in the region of interest that will affect image quality, wedge filters can be used

Question 13

what is shutters used for

Answer 13

• adjust the FOV and to avoid showing white margins at the edges of the image that might interfere with the perception of image detail

Question 14

what should be the image intensifier position in CC

Answer 14

• moved away from patient first before moved to a diff c-arm angulation
• avoid air gaps that deteriorate image quality: distance between the II and patient should be minimised every time again after change in projection view

Question 15

complications to a CC

Answer 15

• arrhythmias
• ostial dissection
• access site complications

Question 16

indication of CC left ventriculogram

Answer 16

• identification of LV function:
• wall motion abnormalities
• ventricular size and mass
• identification of mitral regurgitation
• identification of ventricular septal defects

Question 17

contraindications of CC left ventriculogram

Answer 17

• critical aortic stenosis
• LV thrombus

Question 18

standard views for ventriculography

Answer 18

RAO 30deg
LAO 60deg

Question 19

complications of left ventriculogram

Answer 19

• ventricular arrythmias
• embolisation of air or thrombus
• contrast related complications