Angio Flashcards
what is angio
imaging of blood vessels
what dies angio use
contrast
arterial or venour puncture
diagnostic angio
first steps in intervention produre
why are angio used before transplant
know where vessels are
quality of the vessels
often replaced by CTA or MRIA
what is didital subtraction angio
digital - done by computing processing
subtraction - removal of unwanted parts of image
angio - image of blood vessels
how is subtraction achieved?
taken first image away from all subsequent images
- subsequent images may include contrast
what is the first image taken called?
a mask
what does pixel shifting do
remove any difference between mask image and subsequent images
stages of DSA
Catheter introduction - positioned under flouro light
Test injection - confirms position of catheter and area that is to be imaged (small amount of contrast)
Series of images taken
Subtract images
Clinican review
how many images are normally taken for DSA
approx 20
what is diagnositic angio used for
viability of vessels stenosis aneurysms AVM Trauma e.g arotic rupture Patency of grafts
Cell dinger technique
needle placed into artery (normally femeral or bracial)
guide wire paced over needle into artery
needle removed
catheter threaded on guide wire
guide wire removed
advantage of CTA
more detail
3D reconstruction
disadvantage of CTA
if something is seen then still have to go to cath lab for interventions
CTA spec and sens
cardiac - 74% sense , 70% spec
intercranial - 77% sens, 79% spec
conventional angio specifity and sensivity
cardiac - 79% sens, 73% specificty
intracranial - 97% sensitivty 88% specificty
interventional angio
angioplasty stenst IV filters thrombolitic treatments embolismation
what does angioplastry invovle
insert needle insert guide wire insert ballon - radioflour on each end to ensure correct placement inflate ballon remove ballon and wires
how many times is the ballon opened
3-4 times
disadvantage of angioplstry
could dislodge some of the plaque
- risk of embolism
use of a stent
same process as angioplastry
but stent is positioned around ballon
inflate ballon to open stent
remove ballon and leave stent
stent grafts - what are they used for
aortic aneurysm
repair ruptured vessel
thrombolysis
put an infucion of anticoagulant drugs into the patient
ensures the drugs go to the place where they are needed
- low dose
- bolous + low dose
- bolous + high dose
embolisation
occuled blood vessels
used to stop a bleed and prevent th bleed going to other ares
stop blood going to a tumour
what are the 3 types of embolictic materials used
coils - pernament
polyvinil alcholic particles - pernmanet
gel foam particles - temporary, used to stem bleed until vessel heals itself
vena cava filter
instered into vena cava
traps anything lose in the blood stream
prevents it entering pulmoary or heart system
can be pernament ot tempoary
used when patiemts get recurrent pulmoary embolims or patients which cant have anticoagulants
ablation - type of and what it does
radiofrequency - use radio waves to kill off tissue
hydrothermal
cyrobation - freeze tissue
use catheter to direct where the treatment is delivered
what is ablation used for
kills of arrthymitic heart tissue
kills of endometrium tissue (for heavy periods)
killing tumours
