Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Perspectives 411 > Angina > Flashcards

Angina Flashcards

1
Q

What is angina?

A

When the cardiac workload exceeds the oxygen supply to myocardial tissue, ischemia occurs which results in temporary chest pain or discomfort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Angina Pectoralis

A

chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the imbalance between in angina?

A

imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and deman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Reynauds

A

vasospasm of vessels due to increased epinephrine, SNS, and extrasensivity to Epineph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Angina all feel like

A

All causes central crushing chest pain or tightness radiating to arm, neck, and jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stable angina duration

A

usually last less than 20 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stable angina is unexpectantly caused by (precipitated)

A

exertion = increased workload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stable angina is relieved by?

A

rest or nitrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) duration

A

Usually lasts more than 20 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ACS is what?

A

sudden onset usually at rest and not relived by rest, have these patients walk to relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stable and ACS angina associated with symptoms of what three aspects

A

decreased cardiac output
sympathetic activation
risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Stable and ACS angina associated with sx of decreased Q

A

SOB
presyncope or syncope
cardiac palpitations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stable and ACS associated with sx of sympathetic acitvation

A 
N
V
S
P
C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NVSPC stand for

A 
Nausea
Vomiting 
Sweating
Pale
Clammy
(same as MI sx)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Stable and ACS angina associated with sx of risk factors

A 
HTN
high cholesterol
DM
smoking
fam his
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

st segment is what for angina

A

depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

there is a build up of what in angina?

A

lactic acid which increases acidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sx of angina

A

chest pain and compression tightness felt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

signs of angina

A

grabbing chest and breathing heavily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Angina examination

A

usually no signs ands symptoms w/ no change in change in asculation and percussions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

angina examination signs of precipantants (causes)

A

anemia, infection, thyrotoxicosis, arrhythmias, risk factors, other artherosclerotic diseases (PVD, stroke), complications such as MR or CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Myocardial O2 supply and demand imbalance ekg myocardial ischemia

A

ST segment depression (changes)/ arythmias (supply)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Myocardial O2 supply and demand imbalance lactic acid build up

A

Lactic acid build up/wall motion abnormalities (contractile)

= myocardial ischemia via excess demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Three types of anginal pain

A

Chronic Stable/classic/exertional angina
New-onset Angina
Nocturnal Angina/Tachycardia angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Chronic Stable anginal pain defined
occurs at predictable levels of physical and/or emotional stress, so it occurs as same level of intensity of physical and emotional stress
26
Chronic stable anginal pain responds to what?
promptly to rest or nitroglycerin; symptoms go away
27
New-onset angina defined
Angina that has developed for the first time over the course of approx. 2 weeks, sometimes less, and is considered unstable because it is a medical emergency, not relieved with rest or nitrrates, and is a bad condition with heat (could be block or embolism)
28
Nocturnal angina
same symptoms as exertional angina, but happens at night and wakes the individuals from sleep. Could be from increased HR in dreams/ underlying CHF/ sleep apnea
29
Stable angina treatment
statins, aspirin, ACEI, B-blockers, and nitrates
30
Nitrates for stable angina do what?
sx relief or prophylaxis (patch or tablets but must have 8h nitrate free period/day
31
Nitrates can be taken this way but for this reason it is not ?
orally destorys by 1st pass effect, enzymes break down this rapidly via enzyme induction
32
Wholistic care (all IHD) treatment for nitrates
Lifestyle change- quit smoking, eat healthy, exercise more, avoid excessive exertion or stress risk factor control- HTN, high cholesterol (keep <4mmol/ L), DM assess depression and level of support
33
Postinfarct angina
angina after an MI, residual ischemia zone due to infarction (chest pain for MI)
34
Pre infarction angina
is unstable angina that is unpredictable
35
preinfarct angina characterized by what
abrupt change in intensity (worsening), which direction better or worse
36
Preinfarct angina increased
freq of sx
37
preinfarct angina decreased
threshold of stimulus
38
preinfarct angina is what when progressive angina?
becuase it is progressively getting worse due to emboli or thrombi, medical attn requried
39
preinfarct angina is what when crescendo angina?
up/down angina for no reason= requires medical attn cuz could be thrombi or emboli
40
Prinzmetal’s, Vasospastic, or Variant Angina:
Symptoms similar in nature to typical angina, but caused by coronary spasms.
41
Prinzmetal’s, Vasospastic, or Variant Angina: common demographic
More common in women younger than 50 years
42
Decubitus or Resting Angina:
Atypical. Occurs at rest and at the same time each day.
43
Decubitus or Resting Angina relief
standing or sitting, ctrl breathing
44
Decubitus or Resting Angina is due to
hormone flux/change
45
Decubitus or Resting Angina is sometimes
painless but can be seen on an EKG
46
Angina does what?
Increased oxygen needs of the heart Increased cardiac output Reduced blood flow to the heart
47
What accounts for 90% of angina cases?
CAD accounts for 90% of all cases of angina
48
etiology angina
``` Antihypertension drugs Relative hypotension Blood loss Physical exertion All because heart is not getting enough oxygen supply ```
49
Drugs typically used for angina
Organic nitrates Beta blockers Calcium channel blockers
50
Organic Nitrates are what kinds of drugs and why?
Drug precursors (prodrug) meaning that they enter body in an inactive form but gets converted to active form in the body
51
Orgo nitrates are converted to ?
Converted to nitric oxide in the body
52
what do orgo nitrates do physiologically speaken? how?
Vasodilator: Increases the production of cGMP inhibiting smooth muscle contraction
53
What were orgo nitrates orginnaly thought to do?
Originally thought to dilate the coronary arteries, therefore, increasing the blood flow to the myocardium, thus, increasing myocardial oxygen supply.
54
What do orgo nitrates acutally do?
Primary anti-angina effect elicited via a generalized vaso-dilation of the systemic vasculature, not just the coronary arteries. Decreased cardiac preload Decreased cardiac afterload
55
orgo nitrates seem to decrease what?
Organic nitrates seem to decrease myocardial oxygen demand more than they increase oxygen supply to the myocardium
56
orgo nitrates decrease
total cardiac work via decreasing cardiac preload and afterload
57
Nitroglycerin (orgo nitrate) sublingual take effect
in ~ 2 min
58
nitroglycerin buccally
extended release and is good for long duration usage
59
nitroglycerin transdermal route is for
prophylaxis, protection for just in case
60
nitroglycerin transdermal route issue
results in drug toleration at enzymatic level, not receptor down regulation, but enzyme up-regulation
61
what is the frequent cause of angina with exs or activities of daily lviing performance is
valsava maneuver
62
Syndrome x
Anginal pain that does not respond to nitroglycerine, and is not derived from hyperspastic coronary arteries, reduces QOL, impacts moderate functional limitations, and results in ST segment depression.

Medical Perspectives 411 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions