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Ncm 118 LEC > ANEURYSM > Flashcards

ANEURYSM Flashcards

1
Q

characterized by a localized, abnormal dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel wall.

A

Aneurysms

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2
Q

The weakening of blood vessel wall can result from various factors, including ____, ______, _____, or _____.

A

genetic predisposition
hypertension
atherosclerosis
trauma

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3
Q

T/F. As the aneurysm grows, the risk of rupture increases.

A

T

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4
Q

most common sites of aneurysm

A

brain
aorta
peripheral arteries

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5
Q

Types of Aneurysms

A
  • Cerebral Aneurysms
  • Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
  • Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
  • Peripheral Aneurysms
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6
Q

A type of aneurysm located in the brain’s blood vessels, often in the Circle of Willis.

A

Cerebral Aneurysms

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7
Q

These can lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage if ruptured

A

Cerebral Aneurysms

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8
Q

are more common and can be life threatening if ruptured.

A

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

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9
Q

A nurse should do when expecting for AAA.

A

Monitoring for signs of retroperitoneal bleeding

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10
Q

Occur in arteries other than the aorta and brain, such as popliteal, femoral, or carotid arteries.

A

Peripheral Aneurysms

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11
Q

These can lead to limb ischemia or stroke if they cause embolization.

A

Peripheral Aneurysms

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12
Q

Critical care nurses should be vigilant for ______ in patients with known peripheral aneurysms.

A

signs of distal ischemia or neurological deficits

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13
Q

Types of Aneurysm: Shape

A

Saccular
Fusiform
Ruptured

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14
Q

Types of Aneurysm: Causes

A

Degenerative
Dissecting

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15
Q

Risk Factors

A

Hypertension
Smoking
Genetic Factors
Age

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16
Q

significantly increases the risk of aneurysm formation and rupture by exerting constant stress on arterial walls

A

Hypertension

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17
Q

accelerates atherosclerosis and weakens blood vessel walls, making it a major
modifiable risk factor

A

Smoking

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18
Q

Pathophysiology: The Formation of Aneurysms

A

Initial Wall Weakening
Focal Dilation
Progressive Expansion
Potential Rupture

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19
Q

hallmark of aneurysm formation

A

Focal Dilation

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20
Q

Cerebral Aneurysms: Common Symptoms

A

Severe Headache
Visual Disturbances
Neck Stiffness

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21
Q

Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture: Critical Signs

A

Sudden Severe Headache
Loss of Consciousness
Seizures

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22
Q

The hallmark of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm

A

Sudden Severe Headache

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23
Q

may occur as a result of brain irritation or acute brain injury from bleeding

A

Seizures

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24
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA):
Symptoms and Signs

A

Abdominal Pain
Pulsating Abdominal Mass
nausea, vomiting, or a
feeling of fullness

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25
Q

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms (TAA):
Unique Manifestations

A

Chest and Back Pain
Respiratory Symptoms
Voice Changes
Dysphagia

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26
Q

Pain associated with
TAA is often described as ___, ____, or ____.

A

sharp
tearing
ripping

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27
Q

Pain can radiate to the back or between the shoulder blades.

A

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms

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28
Q

Signs of Impending Aneurysm Rupture

A

Sudden Severe Pain
Hypotension
Shock

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29
Q

Diagnostic Imaging for Aneurysms

A

CT Scan
MRI
Angiography
Ultrasound

30
Q

Diagnostic Imaging: Diagnosing and evaluating aneurysms

31
Q

Diagnostic Imaging: Detailed brain imaging

32
Q

Diagnostic Imaging: Detailed vessel imaging,
treatment planning

A

Angiography

33
Q

Diagnostic Imaging: Screening and monitoring AAA

A

Ultrasound

34
Q

Laboratory Tests in Aneurysm Diagnosis

A

D-Dimer
Complete Blood Count
Blood Chemistry Panel
Coagulation Profile

35
Q

Laboratory Tests: Elevated levels may indicate a clot or active bleeding

36
Q

Laboratory Tests: Can show signs of bleeding or infection

A

Complete Blood Count

37
Q

Laboratory Tests: Monitors organ function, which is essential in assessing overall patient stability and planning for surgery.

A

Blood Chemistry Panel

38
Q

Laboratory Tests: Important for assessing the patient’s bleeding risk,
especially before surgical intervention

A

Coagulation Profile

39
Q

Pre-Rupture Monitoring and Assessment

A
  • Regular Vital Signs Monitoring
  • Neurological Status Assessment
  • Pain Assessment
40
Q

Medical Management: Antihypertensive Therapy

A

Beta-Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
ACE Inhibitors/ARBs

41
Q

Commonly used to reduce heart rate and lower blood pressure, decreasing stress on the aneurysm wall

A

Beta-Blockers

42
Q

May be used to control hypertension and
reduce vascular resistance

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

43
Q

Sometimes used for blood pressure management, particularly in patients with comorbid conditions.

A

ACE Inhibitors/ARBs

44
Q

Note:

A

Beta bloclers - lol
calcium channel b- pine

45
Q

Pain and Anxiety Management

A
  • Use of analgesics: acetaminophen, opioids
  • Anxiolytics
  • Caution on benzodiazipines
46
Q

Surgical Interventions for
Cerebral Aneurysms

A
  • Clipping
  • Coiling
  • Grafting
  • Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
47
Q

A surgical procedure where a clip is placed at the base of the
aneurysm to isolate it from the blood circulation, preventing rupture.

48
Q

An endovascular procedure where a catheter is used to insert coils into the aneurysm, promoting clot formation and reducing the risk of
rupture

49
Q

Surgical replacement of the weakened section of the aorta with a synthetic graft. This is typically done for larger aneurysms or those at high risk of rupture.

50
Q

A less invasive procedure where a stent graft is placed inside the aneurysm via a catheter, reinforcing the vessel wall and preventing rupture.

A

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR)

51
Q

Criteria for Surgical Intervention

A
  • Size: >5.5 cm
  • Rapid growth
  • Symptomatic
  • Patient’s overall health and risk factors
52
Q

Immediate Response to Aneurysm Rupture

A

ABCs Assessment
Rapid Assessment
Resuscitative Measures

53
Q

Intensive Monitoring PostRupture

A

Hemodynamic Monitoring
Neurological Checks
Pain Control

54
Q

Post-Rupture Complications

A
  • Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
  • Hemorrhagic Shock
  • Vasospasm
55
Q

Managing Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

A

use of osmotic diuretics,
hypertonic saline, or controlled ventilation to
reduce ICP

56
Q

Managing Hemorrhagic Shock

A

aggressive fluid
resuscitation and blood
transfusion may be
required to manage shock

57
Q

Managing Vasospasm

A

Calcium channel blockers

58
Q

Post-Surgical Care and
Monitoring

A

Rebleeding
Infection Prevention
Graft Integrity

59
Q

Neurological Assessment

A
  • Level of Consciousness
  • Motor and Sensory Function
  • Pupil Reaction
  • Cranial Nerve Function
60
Q

Vital Signs Monitoring
“rationalize”

A

Blood Pressure
Heart Rate
Respiratory Rate
Temperature

61
Q

Signs of Aneurysm Rupture

A

Sudden Severe Pain
Neurological Changes
Hypotension
Signs of Shock

62
Q

Nursing Diagnoses

A
  • Risk for Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion
  • Risk for Shock
  • Acute Pain
63
Q

Planning and Goals

A
  • Maintain Stable Hemodynamics
  • Prevent Rupture
  • Ensure Adequate Tissue Perfusion
64
Q

Monitoring Interventions

A
  • Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring
  • Neurological Checks
  • Hemodynamic Parameters
65
Q

Control blood pressure

A

Antihypertensives

66
Q

Pain management

A

Analgesics

67
Q

Prevent seizures

A

Anticonvulsants

68
Q

Nursing Considerations: Antihypertensives

A

Monitor BP closely, watch for side effects

69
Q

Nursing Considerations: Analgesics

A

Assess pain levels, titrate as needed

70
Q

Nursing Considerations: Anticonvulsants

A

Monitor for therapeutic
levels, side effects

71
Q

Patient Positioning: Cerebral Aneurysms

A

Maintain the head of the
bed elevated to 30
degrees to reduce
intracranial pressure and
promote venous
drainage.

72
Q

Patient Positioning: Aortic Aneurysms

A

Avoid positions that
increase intra-abdominal
pressure to reduce stress
on the aneurysm.

Ncm 118 LEC (5 decks)

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