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Anesthesiology > Anesthetic Equipment > Flashcards

Anesthetic Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

What does ET tube stand for

A

Endotracheal tubes

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2
Q

What is an ET tube?

A

Flexible tube placed in the trachea. Delivers anesthetic gases directly from the anesthetic machine to the lungs

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3
Q

What are six advantages of placing an ET tube?

A

Open airway Less anatomical dead space Precision administration of anesthetic agent Prevents pulmonary aspiration Responds to respirator emergencies Monitors respirations

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4
Q

What are the two types of ET tubes?

A

Murphy tubes and Cole tubes

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5
Q

What type of ET tube do we use in birds and reptiles?

A

Cole

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6
Q

What type of ET tube do we use here at globe?

A

Murphy

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7
Q

What are some materials ET tubes can be made out of?

A

Polyvinyl chloride - clear and stiffer Red rubber - flexible and less traumatic, absorbent, and may kink or collapse Silicone - pliable, strong, less irritating, resist collapes

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8
Q

How is an ET tube measured?

A

internal diameter (ID)

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9
Q

What is a laryngoscope?

A

used to increase the visibility of the larynx while placing an ET tube

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10
Q

What are the two types of laryngoscope’s?

A

Miller blades and McIntosh blades

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11
Q

What are masks?

A

cone-shaped devices used to administer oxygen and anesthetic gases to non-intubated patients. Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in very small animals

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12
Q

What are anesthetic chambers?

A

Clear, aquarium-like boxes used to induce general anesthesia. Used in feral, vicious, or intractable animals to reduce stress.

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13
Q

What is a disadvantage of anesthetic chambers?

A

Cannot monitor patient closely and is not very cost effective

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14
Q

What are anesthetic machines?

A

used to deliver precise amounts of oxygen and volatile anesthetic under controlled conditions

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15
Q

What is an example of a carrier gas?

A

oxygen or nitrous oxide

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16
Q

What is a liquid inhalant anesthetic?

A

to be vaporized. mixed gases delivered to patient.

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17
Q

What are the components of the anesthetic machine?

A

compressed gass supply anesthetic vaporizer breathing circuit scavenging system

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18
Q

What are two types of breathing curcuits?

A

rebreathing and nonrebreathing

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19
Q

What is used to carry vaporized anesthetic to a patient?

A

oxygen

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20
Q

What percent of oxygen does the patient need to be receiving?

A

30%

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21
Q

What oxygen tank is directly attached to the anesthetic machine?

A

E tank

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22
Q

What oxygen tank has to be attached to a wall?

A

H tank

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23
Q

What color tank indicates that it is oxygen?

A

GREEN

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24
Q

What is the purpous of a pressure-reducing valve?

A

reduces oputgoing pressure to a usable level

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25
Q

How are tank pressures measured?

A

pounds per square inch (psi)

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26
Q

What psi does a pressure reducing valve (pressure regulator) bring the gas pressure to?

A

40-50psi

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27
Q

What tells you how much oxygen is in the tank?

A

line pressure gauge

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28
Q

What pressure does the flowmeter bring the gas to?

A

15psi

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29
Q

What is the flow rate controlled by?

A

anesthesiologist

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30
Q

How is the flow rate determind?

A

by the patients weight

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31
Q

What does the oxygen flush valve do?

A

delivers a short, large burst of pure oxygen directly into the rebreathing circuit

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32
Q

When you use the oxygen flush valve, what pieces of equipment does it bypass?

A

vaporizer and flowmeter

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33
Q

What is the oxygen flush valve used for?

A

used to refill breathing bag to deliver pure oxygen to a patient to dilute the anesthetic gas remaining in the circuit at the end of anesthesia leak check emergencies

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34
Q

What is the vaporizer inlet port?

A

where carrier gas (usually oxygen) enters a vaporizer from the flowmeter

35
Q

What does the anesthetic vaporizer do?

A

converts liquid anesthetic agent to a gaseous state

36
Q

What are the two type of anesthetic vaporizers?

A

Nonprecision vaporizer Precision vaporizers

37
Q

What type of anesthetic vaporizer will you see?

A

Precision vaporizer

38
Q

What does VOC stand for?

A

Vaporizer out of cicuit

39
Q

What does VIC stand for?

A

vaporizer in circuit

40
Q

Where will you see a VOC?

A

With a precision vaporizer

41
Q

Where will you see a VIC?

A

with a nonprecision vaporizer

42
Q

What percent will the vaporizer setting be at for induction?

A

3-5%

43
Q

What percent will the vaporizer setting be at for maintanance?

A

1.5-2.5%

44
Q

What color is isoflurane?

A

purple

45
Q
A

A, Valve with syringe attached. B, Pilot balloon. C, Machine end. D, Connector. E, Tie. F, Measurement of length from the patient end (cm). G, Measurement of internal diameter (mm). H, Inflated cuff. I, Patient end. J, Murphy eye.

46
Q
A

Laryngoscope handles and blades. A, Size 4 Miller blade. B, Size 4 McIntosh blade. C, Size 2 Miller blade. D, Size 1 McIntosh blade. E, Laryngoscope handle with size 00 Miller blade in unlocked position. F, Laryngoscope handle with size 3 McIntosh blade in locked position

47
Q
A

Anesthetic masks

48
Q
A

Anesthetic chamber attached to the corrugated breathing tubes of a semiclosed rebreathing circuit in place of the Y-piece

49
Q
A

Anesthetic machine systems. A, Compressed gas supply: Note the two size E compressed gas oxygen cylinders beside the A’s at the bottom of this image. B, Precision anesthetic vaporizer. C, Breathing circuit. Note that the scavenging system (see Figure 4-11) is not visible in this view.

50
Q
A

Parts of a non-rebreathing circuit. A, Outlet port of the vaporizer with keyed fitting. B, Fresh gas inlet. C, Connector with mask attached. D, Reservoir bag. E, Pressure relief valve. F, Scavenging hose

51
Q
A

A, Size H compressed gas cylinder. B, Size E compressed gas cylinder

52
Q
A

Size H compressed gas cylinder. A, Threaded outlet port. B, Pressure-reducing valve. C, Tank pressure gauge. D, Line pressure gauge. E, Knurled knob

53
Q
A

A, Parts of a size E compressed gas cylinder and yoke. A, Yoke. B, Wing nut. C, Outlet valve. D, Outlet port. E, Pin–index safety system holes. F, Nipple of yoke. G, Index pins. H, Nylon washer. B, Opening and closing the outlet valve; loosening and tightening the wing nut.

54
Q
A

A, Line pressure gauge (registering 48 psi). B, Tank pressure gauge (registering 800 psi). C, Pressure-reducing valve

55
Q
A

Oxygen flow meters with ball indicators. The flow meter on the left is adjusted to 0.5 L/min, and the flow meter on the right is adjusted to 1.5 L/min for a total oxygen flow of 2 L/min.

56
Q
A

Precision anesthetic vaporizer for isoflurane set on 2%. A, Inlet port with keyed fitting leading from the flow meters. B, Outlet port with keyed fitting leading to the fresh gas inlet or common gas outlet. C, Safety lock. D, Indicator window. E, Fill port. F, Oxygen flush valve

57
Q
A

A. Tec 3 vaporizer. The dial lock (white lever) must be pressed down to turn the vaporizer on, B. Penlon Sigma Delta vaporizer. The dial must be pressed in to turn the vaporizer on. C, Vaporizer with the dial unlocked.

58
Q
A

Parts of a rebreathing circuit. A, Exhalation unidirectional valve. B, Pop-off valve. C, Inhalation unidirectional valve. D, Pressure manometer. E, 2 liter reservoir bag. F, Carbon dioxide absorber canister. G, Small animal corrugated breathing tubes.

59
Q
A

A, Carbon dioxide absorber canister. Note that exhaled air is directed by the exhalation valve (B) directly into the canister.

60
Q
A

A, The pop-off valve on any machine can be closed by turning it clockwise, and opened by turning it counterclockwise. B, On some machines the pop-off valve can also be closed by pressing it firmly, and opened by releasing pressure.

61
Q
A

Providing manual ventilation or “bagging” the patient. The pop-off valve (B) is closed, and the bag (A) is squeezed while the pressure manometer (C) is watched to ensure that safe pressure is not exceeded. The pop-off valve is immediately opened as soon as pressure on the bag is released.

62
Q
A

Corrugated breathing tubes. A, Standard 22-mm small animal breathing tubes; B, 15-mm pediatric tubes. C, Universal F-circuit.

63
Q

What is the fresh gas inlet?

A

Where carrier and anesthetic gases enter the breathing circuit

64
Q

What is th breathing circuit?

A

Carrues anesthetic and oxygen from the fresh gas inlet to the patient

65
Q

What is a rebreathing system?

A

Carbon dioxide is removed from exhaled air. Exhaled air is inhaled again with added oxygen and anesthetic

66
Q

What type of rebreathing system is most common?

A

Semiclosed rebreathing system

67
Q

What is another name for a pop off valve?

A

Exhaust valve

68
Q

Is the pop off valve open or closed when manually venilating a patient?

A

Closed

69
Q

What is another name for reservoir bag?

A

rebreathing bag

70
Q

What is the calculation to determine the reservoir bag?

A

weight (kg) x tidal volume (10mL/kg/min) x 5-6

71
Q

Why do we bag?

A

To minimize atelectasis

72
Q

What does atelectasis mean?

A

collapse of alveoli

73
Q

How often do we bag?

A

every 5 minutes

74
Q

When do we change out carbon dioxide absorber canister?

A

every 5 hours of anesthetic use

75
Q

In what units of measure is the pressure manometer measured in?

A

cm.H2O , mm.Hg, kPa

76
Q

When you give the patient a breath what do you want the pressure manometer to read

A

No more that 20 cm.H2O

77
Q

What do you need to leak check every time? Why?

A

Air intake valve. Because the patient will develop hypoxemia

78
Q

When would you use a non-rebreathing system?

A

When a patient is less than 15 pounds (7kg)

79
Q

What do you need to be sure to inspect daily?

A

oxygen and liquid anesthetic levels, leaks, pop off valve (overflow valve)

80
Q

How do you calculate the gas flow rates?

A

Tidal volume (10mL/kg/min) x respiratory rate (~20 bpm)

81
Q

What are the carrier gas flow rates for a rebreathing system?

A

induction - 3L/min

maintanance - 1L/min

recovery - 3L/min

82
Q

What are the carrier gas flow raetes for a nonrebreathing system?

A

200mL/kg/min

83
Q

What valve needs to be checked once a week?

A

unidirectional valve

84
Q

What do we use to disinfect anesthetic equipment?

A

chlorhexidine gluconate

Anesthesiology (6 decks)

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