anesthetic complications Flashcards
how do you treat hypotension?
reducing amount of anesthetic administered (esp inhalants and negative inotropic agents)
IV fluid therapy
inotropes/vasopressors
anticholinergics
if heart rate is low and patient is hypotensive, what medication come you give?
anticholinergics
DON’T use if normal HR or tachycardia–>will lead to decreased cardiac output
what does pulse oximetry indicate?
% of hemoglobin molecules saturated with oxygen
how does pulse oximetry work?
differentiates light (wavelength) absorption spectrum of oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin
what is the acceptable minimal levels of saturation for readings of the pulse oximeter? mild hypoxemia? serious hypoxemia
95 to 100%
90-95%-mild hypoxemia
<90% indcate serious desaturation
barotrauma
high pressure or high volume induced injury occurs when excessive pressure builds up in the respiratory tract
alveoli overdistend
where does the extra air go during barotrauma?
mediastinum
pneumothorax
subcutaneous emphysema
pneumoabdomen
pericardium
dx of barotrauma
radiographic confirmation of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, pneumopericardium and/or SQ emphysema
hissing of excess gas around the ET tube cuff
over filled breathing bag
decreased amplitude of QRS complexes
doppler sounds may fade
treatment of barotrauma
relief of pneumothorax-intermittent thoracocentesis or chest tube placement
placement of snug body wraps
providing oxygen therapy
analegsics
monitoring for respiratory difficulty
how to avoid barotrauma
keep pop off valve open
avoid excessively high oxygen flows
do not overinflate the ET cuff
larygnospasm
common side effects in cats, rabbits and primates
topically apply lidocaine
be careful with lidocaine toxicity in cats, only use a swab
systolic BP
100-130
mean bp
70-100
diastolic
40-70
what mean BP causes inadequate coronary, renal and cerebral perfusion?
below 60 mmHg
should be treated!
