Anesthetic Agents - Examples Flashcards
Methadone
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- Opiode (full mu agonist)
Is it a controlled drug?
- yes (schedule 2)
How can you give it?
- Dogs: IV, SC,IM
- Cats: IM
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs and cats
What effect does it have?
- analgesia
What adverse effects can occur?
- respiratory depression, reduced gastric motility, mild bradycardia, v+
What is the duration of action?
- 4 hours
Reversal Agent?
- naloxone
Fentanyl
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- Opioid (full mu agonist)
Is it a controlled drug?
- yes (schedule 2)
How can you give it?
- IV bolus and CRI/IM/SC
What species is it indicated in?
- dog and cats
What effect does it have?
- analgesia
What adverse effects can occur?
- bradycardia and respiratory depression
What is the duration of action?
- 20 mins (IV bolus)
Reversal Agent?
- naloxone
Buprenorphine?
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- opioid (patial mu agonist)
Is it a controlled drug?
- yes (schedule 2)
How can you give it?
- SC/IM/IV
- Sublingual in cats
What species is it indicated in?
- cats and dogs
What effect does it have?
- analgesia
What adverse effects can occur?
- respiratory depression, bradycardia, hypersalivation, hypothermia, agitation, dehydration
What is the duration of action?
- 6-8 hours
Reversal Agent?
- poorly reversible
Butoprphanol
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- opioid (kappa agonist)
Is it a controlled drug?
- no (schedule 4)
How can you give it?
- IV, SC
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs, cats and horses
What effect does it have?
- analgesia and narcosis
What adverse effects can occur?
- ataxia, reduced GI motility, respiratory/CV depression, anorexia and diarrhoea
What is the duration of action?
- dogs: 15-30mins
- cats :15mins
Reversal Agent?
- no reversible
Diazepam
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- benzodiazepine
Is it a controlled drug?
- no (schedule 4)
How can you give it?
- IV/SC/rectal
- NOT IM - painful
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs, cats and horses
What effect does it have?
- calming, sedation, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant
What adverse effects can occur?
- excitement and lethargia
What is the duration of action?
- 4-12 hours
What is the onset of action
- IV: within 5 mins
Reversal Agent?
- flumazenil - rarely used due to cost
Midazolam
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- benzodiazepine
Is it a controlled drug?
- no (schedule 4)
How can you give it?
- IV, IM, SC
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs, cats and horses
What effect does it have?
- calming, sedation, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant
What adverse effects can occur?
- excitement, lethargia
What is the duration of action?
- 4-12 hours
What is the onset of action?
- IV: within 5 mins, IM: 10-15mins
Reversal Agent?
- flumazenil - rarely used due to cost
ACP (Acepromazine Maleate)
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- phenothiazine
Is it a controlled drug?
- no, POM-V
How can you give it?
- IM/SC/IV
What species is it indicated in?
- cats, dogs and horses
- terriers and cats often resistant
- giant breeds very sensitive
What effect does it have?
- unconsciousness - antiemetic, antihistamine and anxiolytic
What adverse effects can occur?
- hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmia, hypothermia
- vasovagal syncope in boxers
What is the duration of action?
- 4-7 hours
What is the onset of action?
- IM: 30-40 mins, IV: 10-15mins
Reversal Agent?
- not reversible
Ketamine Hydrochloride
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- NMDA receptor antagonist
Is it a controlled drug?
- yes (schedule 2)
How can you give it?
- IV bolus, IV, CRI, IM (painful)
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs, cats and horses
What effect does it have?
- unconsciousness and analgesia , reduces inhalant requiement, maintains muscular tone, reflexes remain
What adverse effects can occur?
- increased CV stimulation, central eye positioning, disorientation on recovery, hypersalivation
What is the duration of action?
- 20-40mins
What is the onset of action?
- 5mins IV
Reversal Agent?
- not reversible
Dexmedetomidine
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
Reversal Agent?
What type of drug is it?
- alpha-2 agonist
Is it a controlled drug?
- no
How can you give it?
- IV bolus/CRI/IM/SC
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs and cats
What effect does it have?
- analgesia, unconsciousness
What adverse effects can occur?
- bradycardia, peripheral vasoconstriction, hypertension, bradycardia, reduced cardiac output
What is the duration of action?
- 20 mins
Reversal Agent?
- atipamazole
Propofol
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What type of drug is it?
- induction agent - phenol
Is it a controlled drug?
- no
How can you give it?
- IV bolus and CRI
What species is it indicated in?
- cats and dogs - can be used in horses but large volumes
What effect does it have?
- unconsciousness, relaxation
What adverse effects can occur?
- respiratory depression (apnoea, bradypnea, hypoxia) and CV derangements (hypotension, bradycardia)
What is the duration of action?
- dogs: 20 mins, cats:30mins
Alfaxalone
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
What type of drug is it?
- neuroactive steroid
Is it a controlled drug?
- no
How can you give it?
- IV bolus/CRI/IM/SC - must have intubation equipment and oxygen ready
What species is it indicated in?
- cats and dogs
What effect does it have?
- unconsciousness and muscle relaxation
What adverse effects can occur?
- respiratory depression (apnoea, bradypnea, hypoxia) and CV derangements (hypotension, bradycardia)
- muscle twitching on recovery
What is the duration of action?
- dogs: 8-12mins
- cats: 20-25mins
What is the onset of action?
- IV: 1min, SC: 30min
Metacam
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What type of drug is it?
- NSAID
Is it a controlled drug?
- no
How can you give it?
- IV/SC/PO
What species is it indicated in?
- dogs, cats, rabbits, guineapigs, horses and farm
What effect does it have?
- analgesia
What adverse effects can occur?
- renal injury if hypotensive, gastric ulcerations if V+/D+ or in combo with steroids
What is the duration of action?
- 24 hours
Atropine
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
What type of drug is it?
- anticholinergic
Is it a controlled drug?
- no
How can you give it?
- IV/IM
What species is it indicated in?
- cats, dogs, horses
What effect does it have?
- reduces salivary and bronchiole secretions
- increases heart rate - used in response to vagal response
What adverse effects can occur?
- tachyarrythmias, dry mouth, mydriasis
What is the duration of action?
- IV: 20-30 mins, IM: 60-60 mins
What is the onset of action?
- IV: 5 mins, IM: 10-20mins
Glycopyrrolate
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What is the onset of action?
What type of drug is it?
- anticholinergic
Is it a controlled drug?
- no
How can you give it?
- IV/IM
What species is it indicated in?
- dog and cats - preferred in rabbits
What effect does it have?
- reduces salivary and bronchiole secretions
- increases heart rate - used in response to vagal response
What adverse effects can occur?
- tachyarrythmias, dry mouth, mydriasis
What is the duration of action?
- IV: up to an hour, IM: 60-90 mins
What is the onset of action?
- IV: up to 5 mins, IM: 20-45 mins
Hypnorm
What type of drug is it?
Is it a controlled drug?
How can you give it?
What species is it indicated in?
What effect does it have?
What adverse effects can occur?
What is the duration of action?
What type of drug is it?
- opioid - combo of fentanyl and fluanisone
Is it a controlled drug?
- yes (schedule 2)
How can you give it?
- IM or intraperioneal
What species is it indicated in?
- rodents, rabbits
What effect does it have?
- analgesia and unconsciousness - for minor procedures that don’t need muscle relaxation
- combine with benzodiazepine for major surgery
What adverse effects can occur?
- respiratory depression
What is the duration of action?
- 20-40mins
